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HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY
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BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
EMINENT SCOTSMEN.
BY ROBERT CHAMBERS,
SmbtllMitt iDftfi iq^'bib anft nt^ntft Vsdtiitai.
IN FOUR VOLUMES.
GLASGOW;
BLACKIE & SON, 8, EAST CLYDE STREET;
AND t, SOUTH COLLKOB STRBBT, SDINBUROH ;
r. OtlRKT, JUN., * CO., DUBLIN; AND 81UPK1N * lURBBALL, LONDON.
MDCCCXXXV.
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SCOTTISH BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
HBLVILLB, @n> Juna, ■ eourtiw of emiMnm, and author of the well known memotn of hit own lif« and tiraM whidl b«*T hii name. In that work Im hai nada effiwUial protirirai to k«ep po«t«rity mIodAil of the ovanti ot hb lifo, and tha following laemoii will dii«H; coMirt of an abridgment of tlia fact! ha hai fainMlf detailed.' He appenn to ham been bom in the yen IfiSfi. Hii father waa Sir John Helrille of Balth, one of the early propa of the reformed fUlh, who, after tuffbring from the hate of Beaton, fell a victim to hi* MCceMor, arelibithop Hamilton, In \6M? Nor were hii diildren, or hi* widow, who wii a dau^ter of Sir Alexander Napier of Merdiieton, ipared from peiMCutton. ■Tame*, who wu the third kmi, wai, by the queen dowager^ inflaenca and direction, tent at the age of fourteen, under the protection of the Frond OMibaMadoi returning to France, to tM a page of honour to liM yoni^ qnaea oil Sootland. The Fnttch ambsaiador Monluc, biihop of Valence, be- ddeihia MabaM; to Scotland, bad, before hii return, toaccompliih a secret mit- lion to the makontenta of Irdand, who had begun to breathe a wiih to cait off the ydia trf' &|^d, and might hare proved a very raloable acquidtioo to FraiiM, To Ireland Helrille accompanied him. Immediately on hla arriral Sir JanMi enoountered a lore adrenture, which he tellt with much latittkctioD. The ibip had been orertakan by a ttorm, and with difflcolty wai enabled to land at LochfeuL They were entertained by O'Dot^erty, one of the blAop** friend*, who liTod in " a dark toor," and fed hi* friendi with luch " catild fldr" a* " herring and biacuila," it being Lent Tlie biihop wa* obaerred to bend hU eyo* loattentiTely on O'Doeberty'i daughter, that the pndent ftdier thought it right to proride him with the company of another fonwie, in wfacee conduct ha had le** intereft or reaponaibility. Thii lady wa* (0 far aocompliilMd a* to be able to apeak Engliih, but ihe produced an awkward acene by her Igntsanre of etiquette, in mi*taking a phial " of the only maiat precioui balm that grew in Egypt, which Soliman the great Turc had giren In a preaent to the caid bi*hop" for lomething eatable, " beauie it had ane odori|rflBnt inell." " Therefore ihe lidcod it dean oat." The oonaequence of die biihop'i rag* waa the diKorery of hii unprieitly condnct Meanwhlla O'Dodwrty'i young daughter, who had fled fiom the biahop, wa* leized with a iuddon attachment for Melrillo. "She came and aonght me whererar I wa*, and brought a prieit
' Pram tbabaotifiil edition offafimeiTKilnprlntadbv the BannatyiM Club, 18ST. • Wood'* P»enife, ii. 11*.
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« MBLTILLB.
wilh her that cooM (peak Bogliih, and oAersd, if I would ■ian7 bM, to go with Me to any part wfaid) 1 pluMd." Bnt Judm wh prudent at fourteen. U« IhaDked her, laid that he wa* yet youDg, that be bad DO rent*, and wai bound &* France. - With the aiurtanra of Waudwpe, atcbbiahop of Armagh (^ Sootmnn) Honliic proceeded with hi* mlMitm. From O'Docberty't houM they went t« the dwelling- of the biihop of Roy. Here they were detained until the atriTal of a Highland boat, which wai to conrey them to Scotland, and after mors «tormi and dangen, loiing their ruddei, tbey at length landed at Bute. In the penon to whom the boat belonged, Halrille found a friend, Jamea H'Conelt of Kiltyre, who had experienced acta of kindnen Irom hit father. Soon after their return to Scotland, Melrille latled with the ambaaudor to France, and landed on the coait of Brittany. The bitbop proceeding by poit to Farii, left hi* young protege to the attendance of " twa young SMtli* gen- tienen," who were initructed to be careful of hiin on tiie way, and to proTida him with the neceuary expemei, which ihould be afterwarda refunded to them. The three young men bought a nag each, and afterwardi fell into company with three additional companioni, a Frenchman, a Spaniard, and a Briton, all tnTelling in the lame direction. At the and of their &tt day's journey from Breit, they all took up their night'* rest in a chatnber <»ntaining three beds. The tMO Frendinieu and the two Scotanwu slept together. Mehille wm a<v oompanied by the Spaniard. In thia situalion he discorerad himaelf to be tlte iubject of plot and couaterplot. He fint beard the Scotsmen — with much lim- plicity certainly, when it ia remembered that a countryman was within bearing — obMrre, that at the biihop had directed them to purrey for their companion, " thereftnv we will pay for his ordinair all the way, and sail emnpt up twice as meilde to his muter when we come to Parii, and so tall won our own ez- pentea."' This was a good solid discreet speculation, but it need not have been •o plainly expreiied. While it wae hatching, the Frenchmen in the next bed were contemplating a similar .plot, on the eeeurity of the ignorance of Frendi on the part of their companions, and their inexperience of French tnrelling, pnlpoiing limply to pay the tarem billl themaelTes, and charge a handsome premium " aufllcient to pay their expenses" f(nr their trouble. Mel- rille say* he could not refrain " laughing in bii mind." The Frenchmen be easily managed, but the Scotsmen were obdurate, insisting od their priTilt^ of paying his charge*, and lie found hi* only recoune to be a sapamte enumeration of the diarges, and the " louns " nairer obtained payment of their orerdiarge. But the Frent^men were reiolfed by force to l>e revenged on the detecter of their cunning. In the middJe of a wood they prOH»red tuo buliiei to Jnlermpt and attadc ^ Irarellen, and when Melville and hi* friends drew, they joined their hired champions. But Alelville, by hi* own account, wa* never diicomlited, and when they taw their " oouDlenance and tiiat tbey made for defence," they pretended it nai mere (port. Melville infra-mi us, how, after hi* arrival at Paris, his friend the bishop wai called to Rome, and bimseif left behind to learn to p ly upon the luto and to write Frencii. In the month of May, 1653, Melville appears to have disconnected himself from the bishop, of whom he give* tome curious noticaa touching hi* proficiency in the art msgique and nuthematique, and came into tlie *errice of the constable of France, an office ill tlie acquiiition of which he wa* much annoyed by the interference of a captain Ringan Cocbum, " a bu«y medlar." At tbi* point in bit progreis the narrator ■topt to olfer up thanks for hi* good fortune. A* a pensioner of Fiance, be became attached to the cause of that country in the war with Cliarles V., and was present at the siege of St Quentin, where his patron the constable «SB * MsBioln, p. 13. partisliy mod«rnii«d in orltiagniphy.
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MELVILLE. 9
wonndad ind takea priwDer, and himnlf " bsing tvil hurt with b ttrok« of a nam upon th« h«id, wu mouated igaio by hU lenniit upon a Scoli gelding, that caiiled him hona throi^ the «iMmiM who wen all between him and h<Hne ; &nd two of them itruck at hit head with tirordt, becauae hia head piece wv tane off aAsr the fint nnoounter that the man had enforced, nnd the two were itatiding between bim and home, to keep priioner* in a narrow itiait ;" but Melrille'* hone ran betneeo them " agaioit fail will," oi he candidly telli, and aaTod'hii maiter by clearing a wall, after which he met hii friend Horry Killigren, who held the Jteed, while iti maiter entered a barber'i ihop to hare hii woundi dreiied. Melrille appear* to have attended, the conilable in bii espUvity, and along with him wai preient at the conference of Chateau Cam- breiii, the coniequence of which be Kate* to be " that Spayne obtained all their deilrei: the Conalabla obtained liberty: the Cardinal of Lorraine could not mend himwif, no more than the commioionen of England." After the peace, the king, at the initigntion of the conitable, formed the deaign of lending Mel> rille to Scotland to negotiate iti temu with reference to this country, and to dieck the proceeding* of Murray, then prior of St Andrawi, and the riling in- fluence of the Lords of the Congregation. The cardinal of Lorraine, howarer, liad influence sufficient to procure this office for Monsieur Da Buttoncourt, a penon whoee haughty manner, backed with the designs of the " Holy alliance " he represented, served to stir up the flame he was sent to allay, and the more prudent Melville, whose birth and education ceilainly did not qualify bim to conduct luch a minion with ligour, or even integrity to his empluyers, WBi sent orer with instrucUona moderate to the ear, but strong in tbsir import A war for mere religion was bowerer deprecated ; tbe constable ihreird- ]y obaerring, that they had enough to do in ruling the consciences of tlieicown countrymen, and must leare Scotsmen's louls to God. MeWille was instructed " to eeem only to be there fur to riiit hi* fnenda." He found the queeo regent in the old toner of Falkland, in bitteniass of spirit from tfae frustration of her ambitions designs. Quietly and stealthily the emissary acquii-ed his secret inftn^ mation. The ostaniihla answer be brought with him to France waa, that tha prior of St Attdrews did not aspire to the crown ; a nutter on which the beaiiugi were probably sufficiently known at the court of France without a mission. Such, howerer, is tha sum of what be narrates as his answer to tha constable, who ex- hibited great grief that the accidental death of Henry, which had intervened, and hia own dismission, prefontad a king and prime minister of France from reaping the fruit of MelTille's cheering intelligence- Scotsmen becoming at that time unpopular in France, Melville obtained the royal permission to travel through other parts of the continent. With recODimendationi from bis friend the constable, he vtiited the court of the elector Palatine, where he was advised to remain and learn the Dutch tongue, and was courteously received. At the death of Francis II., he returned to France as a messenger of condulenco for the departed, and congratulation to tha successor, from tha court of llie Palatine. He returned to the Palatine, with " a fair remud, worth iQhousand crownj;" whether to the Palatine or himself, is not claar. When Melville per- ceived queen Mary about to fallow the advice of those who recommended her return to Scotland, he called on her with the offer of his " most humble and dutiful Hrrice;" and the queen gave him thanks for the opinions she heard o1 his affection towards her service, and desired him, when he should think fit to leave Germany, to join her service in Scotland. The cardinal of Lorraine, among his other projects, having discovered the propriety of a marriage betwiit Mary and tha archduke Charie* of Austria, brother to Maximilian. Melville was deputed by secretary Maitland to discover what manner of roan this CluLrlea
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4 MELVILLE.
might liappsn to b« ; to Infiin u to Ui ivligiiKi, hi* nala, hit pudidM, hi* Bge, %nd lUbin. HtlTille hid a my diwFMt and confideDtisl mMting with Maxlialllui, \rho mads diligent inquiry u to tlM intention* of the fiwen of BcoU and her auhjecti, regarding the altegad right to the Ei^liih throm ; while it itnick Uie wily Scot, that he «ni not particulariy anxiow to wtfaiuM hi* brother to a thiono, preeently Omt rf Scotland, but not unlikely to be that of the liland of Britain. To obtain (ach InlbcBB^on aa night prara a mm foot- ing for hi* fiitino (top*, he procored hi* coaipanioii, Hon*. Zuleg«r, to drink with the •ocMtarie* of Muimflian, and aaoertuned hi* cutpidoa* to be v-ell fminded. Notwithttandlng a oordlal inritation to join the coort of Maximilian, (no other man erer had «o many lourae* of livelihood oon^nually *priiiging up in hi* path,) Melrille rstamed to the Palatine. On hi* way he enjoyed a tour of pleuure, pUilng to Venice and Room, and returning through Switaerland to Heidelberg, where the elector held hi* court He afiemard* reriiited Pari* OB a mabrlmonlal idieme, oonooctod by the ^pieen^nothei, betwixt her eon and Maximilian^ eldeit daughter, acting In the high opacity of the beorar of a mlniatun of the lady. The waloome* of hi* friend the cooMsble, not on the bett of term* wiA the queeD-mother, *aem now to hare fidlen with far le** cordiality on the heart of Melrille, and he lOan* to haTO looked with tome miiliking at that dignitary** taking the opportanity of pre*entiiig the picture, to appear at court, when " he «at down opcm a atool, and held hi* bonnet upon hi* head, taking upon him the full authority of hi* great office, to the quaan- mother** great miiliking." While at Pari*, he receited despatche* from Mur- ray and MMvetary Maitland, requMUng hi* immediato returd to hi* natire ooun* try, to be employed In the •errice of (he queen, a mandate whidi he obeyed. Meanwhile the Palatine and hi* *on, duke Caiimer, showed an aoibllion for a union of the latter with EUnbeth of Enghind ; a meaaure whldi MelvUle found curioua ground* for dJMuading, in fulfilment of hi* principle of uiiug *udi influ- ence a* he might command, to interftre with the appearance of an heir to the :rown of England. But Melrille oould not i«fu*e the almoat profeoionil duty f conroying the yoimg duke^ picture to ^gland. He obtained an intorriew rith Elixabeth, who wa* more atteatiro to the aubjact of the marriage of queen Mary, than to her own ; expreaung diiapprobation of a union with the arch- duke Charie*, and recommending her &Tourita Dudley. He proceeded to Scotland, and wa* reaelred by Mary at Perth, on the 6Ifa May, 156i. He WB* informed that it had been tho queen'* intention to have employed bin in Germany, but *be had new dio*en for him a miaion to lij^land. He i* nuut amiabh in hi* motire* for following tlia young queen. Ha wa* loth to lo*o " (he oecalion* and ofler* of prefbnuent that wa* made to him in Fnuioe and other part* : but the queen wa* *o in*lant and lo wall inclinod, and *howed het^ ■elf andowed with to many princely rinuai, that he thought it itould be agaiiwt good conaciance to leare her, requiring lo eanieatly hi* help and *errice ;" mt that. En *hort, he " (bought her more worthy to be tened for little profit, than any other prince in Europe for great commodity." He proceeded to England with ample inttniclioHa, the amlcaUo purport of which, aitiwr a* they were really delitered, or a* MelrUla ha* ohoeeu to record ihsm, i* well known to the read- en (rf hitCory. Melrille made aundry inquirie* at " very dear friend*" attend- ing the court of Elinheth, ■• to hi* beet method of proceedii^ with the haughty qiMan ; and baring, on due oonridemtian, ettabliibed in hi* mind a let of canon* for the occaaion, *toutly adhered to them, and found the adrantage of doing *o. Ho wa* peculiariy caotioo* on tha *ubject of the nuuriage ; he re- mained to witnei* the Inilallation of Dudley a* earl of Leice*ter and baron of Denbigh, cautloualy nroiding any admimion of the propriety of countenancing
HELTILLB. 5
« union betirist Mm and (ba qnMn, lAlle bo bMtowod on Uia h mudh pniaa H Ellabolli ohow to oxBct, hnI cmaantad to join in inTMtiTM againtt tho peit- ■uial ippoumHM of Danilay — hii b«ii^ " long, lorty, boardlMi, and lady- fiHMd," Sio. — " alboH," oontinDM tho nuntor, '* 1 latd • matt chwgo to pur- ehiae leara for him to paM la Scotland, whon hia &thai naa alTeadf." Slo^ liOo ipent nine daya at Ibo oMnt of EogUnd, and nado anwlknt um of hit time. Hia memorial of tha pariod oontaioa many moat Inganioua derioM, by whidi be caatriTod to wppott the bonour of the queen of Scotland, while ho flatterad the queen of England on her auperiority. He delighted her mndi, by tellinf ber the Italian dreaa became her nwra than any other one, b^ caute he M«r iha pMfemd it berMlf, — tfaia ma no dupangement to hit own queen. He taid they were both the Ureat women In theb country ; uid, Iw ing drlren to extremitiei, toU Elbabeth be thought bar Iba whiter, hot that Ua own queen waa Tery " loeaame ;" learing the inference, when Elitabeth choa* to make it, that ibe wu as mudi more " lueaome" a* *be wai whiter, though by DO meani making lo djicreditable an ndmiaainn It happened fortunately that the queen of Scotland, being taller than the queen of England, the latter decided the fbimei' to l>e too tall. Melrille, who had no foreiight of the more enlai^^ npinioni of poaterity, reriewa all hia petty tridu and uiooamlul flatteiiea, with the air of oat claiming ptaiM for acta which incieaie the happineia of the hu- man rac<k The Atllotring part^iaph la exemplary to all courtieri. He had bean giTing moderate piaae to the mudcal abiUtiea of Dltury. " That mme day aflei dinner, my lord of Huniden drew me up to a quiet gallery, that I might hear iome mualc ; but be niii he dunt not arow it, whwa I mig^t beer the queen play npon the rirginali. But aAer I bad heariwned a while, I took by the tapeitry that hung before the door of tha chamber, and aeeing her back «•« towsrda the door, J entered within the (±amber, and itood (till at the door dieek, and heard her play excellently well ; but ihe left olf w aoon ai the turned about and mw me, and came forward, aeeniiig to rtrike me with her left hand, and to think ahame ; alleging that ahe umd not to play befcae men, but when ihe wai aolilary her alane, to aachew melandtoly ; and atfced how I ome then. I Hid, aa I waa walking with my U of Hunaden, aa 1 paued by the chamber doiw, I heard nich melody that ra-riibed and drew me within the chamber I wiat not how ; excnaing my fiudt of bomelynoM, a* being brought up in the court of PranGO, and wai willing to mifbr what kind of puniihmeot would pleaae her lay opon me for toy offence." The teault viu, that he acknow- ledged £liMbeth a better nnitician than Mary, and iha nid hii French wai good. After ao much politeneN, the opinion of Eliiabeth, which he retailed to Mary, wia, " there woa neither plain dealing, nor upright meaning, but groat diod- mulatitHi, — emnlatfoo that her (Mary'*} princely qnalttiea ihould orer loan chaae her out and diaplace her from the kingdom."
The next public duty In which Melrillo waa engaged, waa ei beasar of the titelllgeDoa c^ Ihe birtb of the priiioe, afterwarda Jamei VI., to the court of En^aad, for which purpoee he left Edinbuigh on the 19th June, 1S66, He foond Eliiabeth dandng after aupper, in a ateto of jorlalty and meniment, which wat momentarily queahed on the reception of what die termed the wel- come intelligence. But next moming tha quMn had pnpared benrif to racaire b«F complimealary friend, who had excuiad hia homeUneaa on Ibe ground of hU having been brought up in l^Vance, and the apirit of tbeit prerloua confer- ence waa renewed ; the courtier taming bli complimentary alluaioni into a very hideoua ^cture ot the erila of marriage, ai experienced by hit own queen, that no Utile bit of endearoiir on hia part, (according to hia arowal,) might be luit. condudte to aettling in the mind of the Engliali queen, a Mlid deteatatiou «f
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natriiBOUy. He UkM credit to himMlf for hating ^twi nfe end AxUUent ad- riee to the ScMUih queen, oa the occurreDce of her Tsriou* unfortunate predi- lectfODi, particularly on her conduct tonard* Bothwell during the life of Dam- ley, and happened to be among thoie attendanta of the queen who were to very easily taken pritonen by the aapirant to the crown. After thli erent, he con- lidered it prudent to obtain leave to return home, and enjoy hia " rente ;" but so long a* he mu able to tianiact nie«Bgei and cany picturei, the atmoipheiie of a court Meroa to hare been to him the breath of life ; he appear* to hare waited in quiet expectation for whatever little trantactiona might fall to hit lot, and, among other occaaiona, mu pretent at the marriage of the queen to Bothwell, after that nobleman'a " fury" againit him, before which he hod been obliged to flee on aocount of hit advice to the queen, " more hooeit than wite," had lieen propitiated. On the formation of the party for crowning the young prince, he ivai, ai far a* his book is concerned, still a zealous eerrant of his fallen mittreei. lie was dioaen commiaioner or emiitary to the opposite party, — o post he de- clined to accept, until advised to become the instniment of peace, by Maitland, Kirkaldy, and " other secret ftvourers of the queen." On the same prindple of attention to the interest* of Mary, he acted as emissary to meet Murray at Berwidc, on his approaching Scotland to assume the regency. He was equally accommodating in furthering the introduction of Lennox, and was engaged in hi* usual employments under Mar and Morton. It would be tedious to follow him in his lilt of negoiialioni, any thing which ii important in them being more nearly concerned with the hiitory of the times, than with the subject of our memoir. The character in which he acted ii lufficiently exemplified by the de- tail* already unfolded ; and it would require more labour and diKemraent than moat men command, to determine for tvltat party he really acted, or on nhat principles of national policy he combated. It may be mentioned, that he al- leges the busy temper of finding &ult with the proceeding* of the great, with wliich he lo complacently diarges himself on divers occaaims, to have lost him the countenance of Morton, while with superlative generosity he recommended the laird of Carmichael to avcud a similar course; and the laird, profiting by the advice, forgot that injured man, the giver of it. When Jame* tviahed to free himself from the unceremonious author* of the Raid of Huthven, be requested the counsel and assistance of Melville, who, althou^ he had taken leave of the court, and reaolved to live " a quiet conlempbtive life all (he reat of bia days," gncioualy asienled to the royal petition. He read his majesty a lecture on the conduct of young princes, and asaisted in enabling him to attend the convention at St Andrews ; or, according to hit own account, ivaa the sole procurer of hi* liberty. He uta appointed a gentleman of tlie bedchamber, aud a member of the privy council ; but Arran, whom he oppoaed, managed to aupplant him, notnithitanding on unmercifully long letter, reminding James of his aervioet, and the royal promises, and bestowing much advice, useful for governors He was deprived of his offices, and had no more opportunity " to do good." But he was not entirely excluded from the sun of royalty ; he wa* directed to pre- pare initructioni for hiioself as an ambattadoc to the court of Kngland, and held a long conference with the king about the stale of the nation, full of much saga advice. He was appointed to " entertain " the three Daniah ambassadon, whose mission concerning the restonition of the island* of Orkney, terminated in the king's marriage with a Danish princeat: and when these gentiemen were plunged into a ttate of conaidemble mge at their reception, he nat found a most use- ful and pacific mediator. Ha wa* appointed the cmfidenlial head nf that •mba**y proposed to Allry, and aftemard* accepted by the earl Morischal, for Ininging over the royal bride ; hut he had arrived at that period of life, when
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MBSTON. 7
be fbitiHl it iHcMBiy or ngwwblg to reiign luendrfl miaioM. The portioa of hii nMmoin nflnring to this period, introducM a ritid dewsiption of the machi- Dationi of the tritchei to impede the niihae of idag Juna, by which & rebtioD of hii own wni drowned in crauing the frith of Forth. On the arrival of the queen, Melrille wu preiented to hec at her RoanieUor, and gentleman of her bedchamber. Hi> lait public duty appean to have been that of naeii'iDg the prewnti of the ambanadon nt the chrittening of Prince Henry. He declined following Jamei to hit new dominioni, but afterward* pud him a rist, and wa« kindly receiTed at the Engliih court. Hit latter dayi appear to have beenapent in preparing hii memoin, lo often quoted m a model of wiid<Hn for the guidance of bit descendant*. Tivo mutilated edition* of thii eurioui work were published in Engliih, beside* a French tranilation, before the difcoreryof the original manu* Icript*, which had psMsd through the hand* of the Harchmont family, produced the kte genuine edition. Sir Jaiue* died on the lit November, 1G07/In the eighty-iecoad year of hit age. In hi* character there leem* little either to re- tped or admire ; but it i* to be remembered that he lived in an age, when thoie uho tiere not murderer* or national tnitort, were of a comparatively high ttan- dard of morality.
MESTON, WiLLiiH, an ingenioui and learned poet of the eighteenth century, WB* bom in the pEuiih of Mid-Mar, Aberdeenihire, about the year 16S8, Hi* parent* were in humble drcumitancei, but, by ■ubmiCting to privation* them- ■elrei, they contrived to give their ton a liberal education. Having acquired the earlier rudiment* of learning at a country ichool, he wa* *ent to the Mari*- chal college, Aberdeen, where he made luch proticiency, that, on the completion of hi* ttudiet, he wai elected one of the docton of the high tchool of New Aberdeen. In thii Biluation he continued for lome time, diicharging it* dutie* with an Biudiiity and talent which procured him much respect and conaiderable popularity at a teacher. While thut employed, hti reputation and qualifications attracted the notice of the noble fiimily of Maritclial, and he wat chosen to be preceptor and governor to the young earl, and hit brother, the celebrated Manhsl Keith. Of thii truit he acquitted himtelf so well, that, on the occur- rence of a vacancy in 1714, in the office of professor of philosophy in Maritchal college, he was appointed to it through the influence of the counte** Mariichal. Thi* office he also lilled with great ability, and with nnirersal approbation ; but he was permitted to retain it only for a very ihort time. In the following year, 1T15, the civil war broke out, and Metton, adhering to the political principles of his patrons, lost hit profe**oi*hip. To compeniate this depriva- tion, he was made governor of Dunotter ca*tle, by the earl Mari*chal ; a singU'. lar enough change of profetsion, but sufliciently chancteristic of the timet.
After the battle of Sherilf muir, Meston, with several others of hi* party, fled to the hilli, where they skulked till the act of indemnity wa* passed, when they returned to their home*.
During the time of hi* concealment, M««ton composed, for the amusement of hi) companiODi, several of those bumorou* poetical effiiiion* whidi he hat en- titled Mother tirim'i Tales, and which were published in Edinburgh in 1767. Steady to hi* political principles, ha refused after hit return, to yield obedience to the new dynasty, and thu* cut bimielf off from every chance of being restored to hit former appointment; an event which might otherwise have taken place. In these circumttancet, dettitute of employment, and equally destitute of the mean* of lubiistence, he accepted an invitation from the
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My Ml M wdi >WST A^ ^ P^ it ap, MBd r«M>n«d to Tnraff, m. rillagB on ihe ■nthawt liMUti of Abmlnuiirtii*, to wWch ba kd bMR united by tha eamttm of Eml, wh* Iomw imI ■pfttrilgd hia Ulanta. Fkih Ihia hdy MMfaB mcabad, sAar Ua rvavral. Mad) kiod- atm. Sha aDoaad Umi IW Ha oT Um fiwly lad^i« !■ Aa rill^ itmtAM, aai m^ Um Many pww^a friH tiMa lo tiva to battar Wa fcenaahMfiag. TW acadaMy ako lacaaadBd «aD, aod — ^^— —^ to ii^nna dHrias Hiwal yawt, ■^ an nnfertimatB ouMiaMce aaddaaJy ttiMaitwd iH rriatawca.
Two of Maatoo'i yam^ gartl^i karing fuamllad wUla phying at drnt- tla-eodc, ana ti tlWH diew a kufc and Habbad Iha othar ia tba brwat. The woand was mat fatal, b4 Iha |arHila of tba oikar diildran bataa* alanad for Ibeiraalaty; and Ihoogb aa bUma iriMtam cooldaitaeh In thn wailnr Ja rrbil had hMffUtd, tfaay N«n all raMnFod, and poor Harton na laft witbaat a papiL
Driran frwa Tnreir, Meatoa wMit nazt lo Hootraaa, «Aera ha rtlMftad lo opan BDothar acadaMy, hot wiAont ■McaiL Frcim Htaibnaa ha wwOTod to Perth, aad ben faaai aoaM aai^oy^nrt in hii pnlieMiwi ot taadtii^, but mi in a ahort lama aftemar^ takan into Uw fiunily of Mr Ohpbant of Gaik h s priTato]Mraeaptar, In thit ntoation be iiaiiiiiiiiil fear aarcnl yean, vben, MUng into a bad Hale of health, be ladgDed It, and iwnond to Fetariwad far Ibe benefit of it* minatal mtaiK Tba jmlaibiaata poat ma now «dm taora (*- dncad to Mar daatibiliaD, with Ibe aggrantion of a debilitated fiuaa and failing eonadlation. For Ihia IncklM hour be 1m1 Mda no proriaiaa. With tb* ktH ^irit of a poet, he had alnaya entolained a bmnI inUiaM oootaapt for Maaiy, and for all hablta ot economy ; ipendi^ to-day what bo bad aequired to-day, and biddly leaving lo-moirow to pioride kt itaelC Tba oontforta, hoi«^ «T«r, ubicb he waa onaMe lo procnn fin himaelf in hit dcknoM, wen liberally Pitied to Mm by sgenarow friend. Hia old pationea, tbeeoanten i^EitoI, fiuniriiad Um with vrery neoawary and OMnfoH wbidi hia iiifiiiiiiliaa and for- lom condition requEred, even to the fitting out of hit ayaitment Finding do benefit to hi* health from hit reaidenea at Feterbead, be tentored to Aberdeen, •iben ha died in the epriug of 17i6, and waa boned in the Spiltal churcbyud ofOldAbeidean.
Herton wai ealeemed one (tf tbe bait clanncal acbolan of hia time. He wh alao an ezcelJent m^hematidan. Ai a poet hit fame ii now reduced to rery naiTow liiniu. Hii poetry la, we beliere, icarcaly known to Ibe prcaent fenentlon ; and yet it would wem to merit a better GOe, ware it not periupi
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MICKLE. V
for iU giauatu and iii4«lieac]r. H» wai ft ikTitb imitator of Butler in itylo and nuuiner ; and it if not improbably owing to thii circumtanoe, nliich necei- ■arlly excluded originality, that hit ctiierwiw cloTOr poem* hare lo loon aunk into oblivion. But thou^ a copyitt of ityle and manner, Meittin had a geniut of hi* own, and that of a pretty high order. In nany inttancei hii poetry ex- MbiU icintillalioDi of wit and humour not inferior to the brigblMt in the pagM of Hudibraa. A Tolume of hia pocmt, containing The Kni^t, Mother Grim's Talee, and ■eTeial other miicellaneoui piecei, waa publiibed, ai already noticed, in Edinburgh in 1767, and thii ii, we btliere, all that remaitu of Helton, a man of rery coniiderable geniui, and " a fellow of infinite jeiL"
BUCKLE, WiLLUK Julius, (originally Mxiai^e,) the tntsilator of Camoeni' Iiuiiad, and an original poet of coniiderable merit, waa one of the lOni of the BeT. Alexander Meilde, who in early life wai a diuenUng clergyman in London, and BtaiUaot to Dr Watt, but finally leltled a* miniiter of the pariih of Lang^ holm, in Dumfriea^hire, wliere the lubjact of thi* memoir waa bom, in IT34. The mother of the poet wai Julia Hendenon, of a good family in Mid Lothian. The Her. Mr Meikla, whoie learning i« leetified by bis hsTing been employod in the tranalation of Bayla't Dictionary, waa hii (on'i lint teacher. The young poet wa* sfterwardi, on the death of h!> father, lent to rMide in Edinburgh, with hii aunt, tlie wife of Mr Myrtle, an eminent brewer ; there he attended the High School for lome yeait. It ia Hid, howerer, that, though hit panion for poetry waa eariy dJtplayed, he nu by no maana attached to literature in gen- eral, tiU the age of thirteen, when, Speniar'i Fairy Queen falling in hii way, he becama paauonataly fond of that author, and immediately began to imitate hii manner. At lixteen, Miclde wai called from ichool to Iteep the account! of hii Bunt, who, luring loit her huiband, carried on the bminei* on her oiin ac- counL Not long after, be wai admitted to a ihare in the biiilD««i, and hli proa- pecti were, at the oulaet of life, extremely agreeable. For reaioni, however, which have not been explained, he waa unfortunate in trade ; and about the year 1763, became bankrupt. Without ttayiug to obtain a Mttlement with bii crediEon, he proceeded to London, tried to procure a comnuMion in the marine •arrice, but, tile war being juat then concluded, foiled in hii deiign. Before leering the Scottiih capital, he had dsTOted hunaelf, only too tnudi, perhaps, to poetry. At eighteen, he had ctraipowd two tragediei and half nn epic poem, beaidea «xne minor and ocouional piecei. Being now prompted to try what poatry could da for him, be introduced himaelf and leveral of hii pieces to the noUce of lord Lytlelton, who, it ii undentood, conceired a mpectfiil opinion of hii sbilitiM, and recommended hiia to peiaerere in renification, but yielded him no more lubitantia) proof uf farour.
Mickle appean to hare been rescued from theie painful circumitancai, by be- ing appointed corrector to the Clarendon press, at Oxford. Tbii was a litua- tion by DO meani worthy of bis abilitiei ; but, while not altogether uncongenial to hi* toite, it bad the odTanlage of leaving him a little leisure for literary pur- •uils, and thus seemed to *ecure to. him what has always been found of the greatest coniequenca to friendless men of geniui, — a fixed routine of duties, and a steady mean* of livelihood, while a portion of the mental energies are left nlient for higher objects. Accordingly, from the year 1765, Miclde published a luccenion of short poems, some of which attracted considerable notice, and made him known respectfully to the world of lettei*. He alio ventured into the walk of religious controveny, and wrote pamphlets against Voltaire and Mr Harewood, beiidea contributing frequently to the newipaper called the Whit»- hall Evening PoeL
In hii early youth, he had penned Caalara'i traMlatioD of the Lusiad of Camoeo^
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10 MICKLE.
*ai «T«r iIddb had entortsiiMil the daci^ of •noiting an EngliA venhin. Ha now, for Iha fint time, found letuiM mid eDOOungcmant to aOompt ■« laboriaut ■ talk. Tb» flntcmtoinH publitbed •« a ^tdman in 1771, u^iMt with ■» mndi approbatian, ai to induoa blm to diaiidaa hi* datiaa at Oxfocd, and d»- voU bliiMelf aBtirdy to tliii moia pbadog MonpatiMB. Hating rat^«d to m. ftra koMe at FMeM-MU, he appliad binadf wuMBhtinglr to Om labour, anb> littinf upon tba roonoy whtdi be dnw Aon lime to tiina aa Mbaedptlena for bia woric. In 1779, Aa *eiaion waa conpMed ; and, that no maana night be mmI- ing fiir obtaining It a Sawabit no^tion, be pt^lidied it, with a dedJcatioo to a DoUaman of high InflnaMO, with wham bti fiunily had baaa ownoctod. Tb« mrii obtained a larg» meaiun of pabtie approbation, whioh it haa em tfBoe re- tained ; but Ita lecepdMi with the patnw waa not what ifaa Mnilator had been led to expect A copy waa bound in a mNt expenrire ma»a»r, and aent to that iUgh pefWMaga ; but, mondw paanng en witiraut any notiee even of ita receipt, a friend of the poet, in high offldal aitnation, called iipon hk lordihip, to learn, if poMible, the cauae of hii lilenccL He found that aema frircdou* literary ad- Tttiarj of Midde had prejodioed Ibe noble li«d againat the woik, and that Oie preaentatlon oopy wa«, till tfaat nKcnenl, unopened. We hate Iwrei perhape, one of the lateit inataneea of that probation «f ganlu* before the ihrine of lank, wiildi WM fonnerly Mippoeed to be lo indiqwiMabla to Utenry mocaai, but wai, in reality, even in the nmrt bTourable inrtanoaa, only prodootifo of paltry and proxtmata adTanlagea. The whole lyalem of dedication waa an ab> ■urdity. Brndia were in reality written for the public, and to the public did their Buthon loolc ftv tfaat hoDOur wtilcli fonna 11m beat motire (or liteiary ezeF- tian. To profeaa to denrte their woriu more particularly to aarae lin^ member of the CMnnmnity, wai an impertinenoe to all the reit, that ought nayer to hare been praotlMd ; uid we migfat the more readily denounce the abore imtanoa of *' pabidsn meauDeN," ai Midcle'a fint biographer termi It, if m could aee any rationality in die aotbor expecting lo mudt more from one indiridual, for bit laboun, than from another.
During Ihe progreM of hie tranalatioa, HicUe oooipoaed ■ tragedy, under the title of (he Siege of Maraeillaa, which waa abown to Gaxridt, and r^ieoted on aoeouot of lie want of itage effi»ot It waa then leriaad and altered by Hr Home, author of Ihe tragedy of Dooglaa ; and a prqMial waa nade to the au- thor lo bring it lorward in the EdinlNi^ dMalre. Thia idea waa afterward* abandoned, and the Invedy rautined in abeyanoe till the conduuan of the Luuad, when the author made another effiKt to bring It out on tlte Loadon ■tage. It wat ahown to Mr Harria of ConaDl Garden, ud mdn rejected. Af- ter thia repulae, Hldde relinquithed all expedationi of advantage from the theatre, though he pannitled Ihe uafiMunate play to be riiown to Sbwidao, irom whoaa Iw nerer tpia teo^red iL
The Lualad waa ao well roeeiTed, tliat a weond edition waa found oooeMaiy in 1779. In the mme year, Hickle puUUied a pamphlet on the ludb qnoa- tloD, whidi waa at one time expected lo obtain Ar b^ aone maifca eran of royal farour. Id Hay, the mort fortunate incident im Ua life took plaoe^ Hli friend, Mr Johaitan, foraerly goremm' of South Carolina, waa then appiunted to the oommand at the Romney man-of-war, and Mickla, being ctaoeen by him at hia tecretary, went out to tea in hi* company, in Mrder to partake of whaterM good fortune ho might encounter, during a <Tui*e againat the Spaniard!. In Norem- ber, he arrited ai Liibon, where he wat rsceired with very flattering marka of at- tention, and (tayed ux UMMith*, during whidi time he coliectedmany tiait*of the Portuguete cfaaiaeter and cuatomt, with the intention, never fulfilled, of <»m- bining them in a bocdL During hit ratldence in Portugal, lie wrote bit beat
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MILLAR. 1 1
fotu, Almada Hill, whioh «m pubUtb«ii in L781. Tb« onaa» had bmn highly ■ueoeHfiil, and Hidde, b«iog appdnlad jtditt agcot ibr the pnMi, wu lent faooM to KipttintMid tba logal praoaedingi oonuMtod with their coDdemiiaUoii. Hi* own dnro of tba nanlti «■■ my eooddentbl*) bim), together with th« for- tunahaacquiMdhy fail wiA, wbMnh*MU»ri«dinJuM, 1783, at one* eftabli*b«d hit Indapandancai The lenisindM ctf hit Ufa wu ip«iit In littnr; leiwre, at Wbaaday, in OsfiiniihiM, wbara ha died, Octobai SS, 1T38, aftar a diort ill- v»m, iewing one nn, Mickk'a poemi an not rolununoiia, and hara haan •cli|Mad, lika to nudi «f dw otbar rmim of the Iwt oantuiy, by the iniinitaly ■uparior prodoctioni of tba piwent or immadiatdly by-pact ^;«. Many of than, howerar, ihOv conaidanble envgy of thought; otben, great iweatneM of verdfication ; and hii tramladon liat obtained the rank of a claoic. It ti not to ba OTarloolud, moraorar, tliat tlia outhonhip of ana axquinta (ong in hii nstire dialeot, Colin*' Welooma, i* aicribad to liim, thoi^h not upon defioita
After HicUe'* death, hi* ScoUiifa creditor* Eerired their daima upon hi* ax- wnion. An Edinburgh agant, naiaed Hendenm, having got the dal>ti reated in hi* own panon, taiaad an action in England for tbaic raooTery. Not baring fumidtad himaalf with Iba nacaaury Toucben, he loat hi* action, with cost*, which the asacntor* employed another Soottiah agent to recorer. Ihi* ktler individaal — to wtann w« ai« indebted for aoma of the infonnation in the pre* eant mamoir — b^ng awu* that the debt* migtit bare atill bean arailtble in a Scotlidi Gooit, iceeadad in getting the buiinea* managed estra-judicially ; (o that the poat** lepnwntatiTe* were no mora troubled with hi* 8cotti*h credibm.
HUiLAB, JoBW, profaNor <d law in the unirenity of Glaigow, and author of Iba Hbbffieal View of the Eogliih GorernnMnt, wai bom on tba SSud of Judo, 173S, in the pariih of Shott*, of which hi* bther, the Rer. Mr Jamei Miliar, wa* miniitei. Two yean after hi* birth, hi* father wa* tranilaled to Hamilton, and he waa himielf placed under the diarge of hii uncle, Mr Jcdin Millar of Milbai^, in the neighbouring pariih of Blantyre, where he (pant almoat all hii early yean. Haring been taught to read by hii uncle, ha wai placed in ITiS, at the •ctuwl of Hamilton, in order to be initnicted in Latin and Giaalc In 17i6, being deiigned for the church, he went to Gloigow collage, where be diaticgniihed himielf a* an attontiTa and intelligent itodent He had tba advantage of the lociety of Dr Cullen, {then profeam of chemiilry at Qlaigeiw,) to irtuaa wife he wai related, and of the acquaintance of other per- ■ona diitingaiibad by their intelligence. He wa* particularly fortunate in ob- taining the fiiendihip of Dr Adani Smith, wboM lecUirei and convenation fint direided hi* attention to the particular line of raiearch in which he afterwardi became m aainaaL A* hi* mind expended, he found that the clerical pro- fenion wa* not agreeable to hia taitai or &cultle*, and he accordingly adopted the raaolotion of itudying for tba 8<nltiah bar. About the time when hi* col- lege (tudlea were finidwd, ha bacama preoepfor to the eldeit ion ttf lord Kama*, in lAoae lodety ba ipent two yean, during which he &nned an intimacy with Uarid Hume and oAar eminent peraona. " It teldom hippani," uy* tba Edinburgta Beriew, " that we can trace the geneeli^ (rf a lileruy progeny lo oonactly *■ the two circumilancai which have now been mentioned, enable ui to do that of Hr Millar'a Aiture itudiea. It ia perfectly etidant to all who are acquainted with their wiitingi, that hii ipeculation* are all formed upcm the model rf thoie of lord Kama* and Dr Smith ; and that hi* merit coniiil* alnxMt entirely in the accuracy with which be Nrreyed, and the *igacity with which be puiaued, the path which they had the ntarit of diicoTcring. It wai one great object of tfaoee original authon to trace back tlM hiitory of loclety to It*
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13 MILLAR.
not limple ftnd unimvl elenenU ; to Teaol*« bIhhmI all tliat bai bawi ucribed to pMi^TB inititutioQ, to the ipontanMut and inwutible d«*«lapmeiit of oeiw tain obrioii* prineiplM, — uid to ibow whli bow ljltl« oontriraaoi or p<ditieal witdom the nmt compllcatsd and appaiently artificial idiemM of folicy laigfat hare b«eii eiacted. - Thii ii T«ry neart; th« prACiM deAnitioa of what Mr Mik lar aimed at aocompliibliig in hii lecturai and hii publicationt ; ftnd whsn w» find that he attended the leebnee of Dr Smith, and lived in Ow bmily of Icrd Kamai, we cannot heaitate to aiinb* the bant of hif geniuf, and the peculia* tenor ot hie (peculatiom, to the im^eariena he muit han reMiTWl bom ibow
Hr HilUr waa called to tbe bar in 1760, and wai ioon locdced upon aa on* of the indiTiduali likely to riie to eminence in bia profeition ; but baring married at thii early itagfl of bii career, and finding it improbabls that hia laboon at the bar would for tome yean be adequate to hii tupport, he wa« tempted by an oppMtune tacaney in tbe ch^r of dril law in Glaagow oolite, to apply for that compaiBtirely obtcure litnatton. Having been mcMmful in bia objoct, (1761,) bo applied himaelf with all the ardour of an unoonmonly adire and •anguine lempenment, to the improrement of the cla«. HerMofbre the pro- feworihip of ciril law at Glaig«w had been in a great meaaure uae1e« to Um conununity. Tbe atudenU were aeldam more than four in number, and aene- tlmaa even lea*. The late profewor, howevw, had broken througli the eMab- liahed unge of lecturing in l«tiii, and Mr Millar not only perwreivd in the aame popular courw, bm adopted other meana calculated to attract a larger an- dienoe. Initaad of writing hit lecturei — a practice which generally inducea the profeoor to adhere to one train of idetu, and retlit the introduction of all pro- grMiire improrement*, he delirered them extempore, and tfaui not only took a prompt adrantage of erery new new that aroee in the progreee of hii adeiicie, but enabled himtelf to introduce familiar and lirely illuitntioD*, which were calculated to ezcile and keep alire the attention of hii itudenta to an unoonuaon degree. Diicarding tbe old acadnnical pomp, he reduced himaelf to a lerel with hit hearei* ; he talked to them, and carefully oburred that they uaderi' ■tood all that be lajd, «ad acceded to all bit propotitioni. " Hit manner,** ■ayi the Edinburgh Beriew,' " wot familiar and animated, a^roaching more nearly to gayety than entbuaiMoi; and the fad* which he had to date, or the elementary potitient he had to lay down, were giren in the aimple, clear, and unembarraned diction in which a well-bred man would tell a itory or delitwr an opinion in lociety. All objectioni that occurred, were itated in a forcible, clear, and lirely manner ; and the antwen, which were often thrown into a kind of dramatic form, were delivered with all the aimplicity, nvacity, and eaiy phrateology of good conTerution. Hit illuitrationi were alway* familiar, and often amuiing ; and while nothing could be nion forcible or conduiiTe than the reuoningt which he employed, the tone and ityle in which they were de- lirared gave them an eaiy and allrectiTe air, and imparted, to a pnrfound and learned diieuMion, the chanm of an animated and inleratling ooaTeiMtion. No individual, indeed, ever did more to break down the old and unfortunate diitinction between the wiidom of the academician and the wiadom of the man of the world : and aa mott of the topict which fell under bii ditcnttion wei« of a kind that did not Inee their inlereit beyond the walla of a college, to tbe viewt which he took of them, and the language in which they were conveyed, were completely adapted to the actual condition of tociety ; and prepared thoae to whom they had been made familiar, to maintain and espreia them with pt»- ; naa probably Iha compodllon of Mr Jeffrey, wbo. If we
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, wtthout numlnf llw lea«t rnkof an uBputotiao of padanlry at ig-
" It will b« admitted to hava required no ordinary ahare of IntMptdity and confidenee In the wbatUitiBl merita of hii iratniclioiw, to have enabled a profaa- tor thua to lay aaide the (hield of academical atatelineu, and not only eipoaa hia thought* in the ondreaa of eztemporaneoua expreaiion, but to exhibit dwm, without any of the Bdvantafea of impoaing m authoritatWe pretencea, on the fair kret of equal diwnin^or, and with no other recommeadatiMii butthoto of auperioc aipediency or reaaon." He carried hii ayatem, howeT«r, eren to a mora hamrdou* extmoe ; at the conduiion of every lecture, ha innled hia itudenia to gather around him, and in eaay conveiaation to diaeuat the principle* he tutd iMen expounding. It haa been juatly remarked, that no taadier who did not poaaea an unuaually minute and extemint knowledge of hia lubjoct could hare rentured upon iuch ■ practice ; whidi, howerer, in fail caae, waa at- tended with the beat eflecta upon hia pupila. Sudi, altogether, waa the aucoeaa which attended hia prelection*, that the cla«* waa apeedily locreaaed to about forty, and the profiaator in the Edinburgh college, after leeiof hia atudenti pro- portionally diminiahad, waa obliged to abandon the practice of lecturing id Latin, in which he had penerered till Mr Millar** reputation a* an aflectira lecturer waa conpletely eatahliahed.
During the whole time of hit connexion with Glaagow college, Mr Millar WB* a lealoui and acttre member of the Literary Society, a club chiefly formed of the profoaHoa, and whoae practice it waa to meet weekly, and, after hearing an emay read by Mane member in rotation, to diacuM the riewa which it ad- vanced. The tenor of Mr Millar** liA wa* little mortied by erenta. He (pent hi* titae between the collage and a amsll farm called Whitemo** (near Kilbride,) which he took great pleaiure in imgworing. Excepting, Indeed, two riiitt to the metropolli ia 1774 and 1792, and the pidilication of hia two bookii there 1* hardly any incident to which we find our notice particularly called.
Anongit hi* lecture* on juriiprudence, thoae whidi reftned to the subject of goremment were remarked to pone** an ununial intereat. In tlM*a be de- Uvered a theoretical hiitory of the progreaa of aociety, through the rarioui atagea of aarage, pa*toral, agricultural, and commercial life ; with a riew of the initi- tutlona and change* which would naturally be auggetted in their politiol and domeatic habit* by their *ucce«aiTe tranafomuttion ; illuatrating hi* reaurki by an hiitorical reriew of all the andent gOTernmenli, and mora particularly by that of Great Biitain. The interact which he found they exdted, induced him, in 1771, to publiah a ihort treadta on the aubject, which waa &TOunbly received. Even to curaory readen, it wat calculated to aRbrd amuaement, by Uie variou* view* of hutoan nature which it exhibited, and by the ainguluity of many of the traita of manner*, at well aa of national characten and ioititutiont, which it traced to their aouroe*. Some year* afierwarda, Mr Millar wat induced, by the prevalence of what he conceived to be erroneou* ideaa reapecting the origin i^ the Engliih goremment, to expand hi* riewi on that lubject, with a view to publication. After a careful prepantion, he publithed, in 1TS7, hi* Hiitori- cal View of the Engliib Government; from the Settlement of the Saxoni id Britain, to the Acceaaion of the Houae of Stewart By lubiequent labour Mr HQIar Intended to bring down the hiatory to hit own time, but he only completed it to the Revolution, and a new and poalhumoui edition in 1803, in four volume* Bvo, compriaed that period. Aa a writer, Mr Millar retained lit- tle of that vivacity and fertility of illuatratioa, which gave *udi a charm to hi* extemporaneou* lecturer The *tyle of hi* oompatiticB* ia neverthelei* forcible and dittinci Hit Hutoricol View, containing mudi inquiry into the remoM
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11 MITCHELL.
partodi of our gafHnuMDt, and many diiUnetioM wfaich it MqnitM Mat sSwt of aUention fully to imdenlaiHl, «ould not be of a vwy popuUi noton ; bat it baa been jurtly appnciatod by thott who mn GtMd by tbait babiia wtd praTiiNii atudiei to Uka an inUrMt in taA wiawdiea; and, coaiidariiiy tha nature of the tubjecU of which it traalt, it* hanng- goM thraugfa ihiw •ditwM ia no ilight proof of public ^prabatien,
" 'Hw dutJnguithing feaUm of Hr UiUai'a intellMt," nyi |be Gdiabwgfc Renew, " <•••, (be gieat cleameN and toaaracy of hit iyprriienaion, and the ringular aagadty with frhid) he leiwd upon the ttue alateoMOt of a queMiaa, and diaentangled tbe point in dUpule from tbe nam oi aopbictkaled aiyiwenl in iriiidi it ml fiequently inridfed. Hi* great ddightwaa to ainpUfyan intii- cate quaation, and to reduce a perplexed and elabonta lyiteB of argatMot to a few plain problemi of aHnmon lenw. * * To form a wund judgm^U upon all pointa of Mibitantial Importanoe, appeared to him to lequire liltk mOTe than the free and Independent lae of that ndgar lenee oa wUch no man ia entitled to Talue himaelf; and he waa apt to look with ant fldent contempt upon the elaborate and Ingenioua erroiB into wUdi philo- Kiphen are ao apt to naarai tbenaelTea. To bring down tlM dignity of audi fidia adenee, and to expoae the enptlMM of a reaaoneia, wai therefore one ttf hii fcTourite vmfAvyimtuiM. no pt^judiota ti imt&nHoa in bit natme ; hla reipect waa r wbo bad either made diaomerie* o( pnctical ability, er oondiined into a v/ttvm tbe acatlaied tnitha of ^eeuktion." For thateaainder of a TWy ehbaratacati- mate of the geniua of pnrfmor Millar, we muit nftr Ihoae who lake an iianMal interest in the aul^ject, to tbe Review itielf.' We nuy only mentiooi idwt every one will ban anticipated from tbe preoeding extract, that Mr MUlar waa of wUg politica, becdering on republicaniam, and that hit aantiiiMnta had oon- ■idanUe influanoe with hi* pupili, eotne of whom, aa Hr Jel&ey, Ur Adaaa, (now lord cnmaihaloner of tbe Jury courts and the earl of Lauderdale, ban diitingniabed theniielre* on that tide of tlie great qiiaatitHi which haa ao long dindad public opinion in tbla oountry.
In bia prirate diameter, Mr MiJlar wm extremely amiable. Uii conTenation waa dieerful, unaf^cted, and uncouunonly agreeable. Hi* oountenanoa wat . Tory animated and ex^eaiiTe ; hi* atature about the middle mm ; hi* paeon ■iroog, ac^TO, and athletic, rather than elegauL Though deroted cbi^y to metapliytical inquiriet, be wa* axlenuTsly aoqualnted with tbe natuml tciences, with hiftory, with, the belle* lellre*, and, indeed, almcat all branchea of buman leaming>. He retained good health till the end of the year 1790, when be wa* *WEad with a very dangeroiu iuflamnuttory complaint, from whidl be re- ooreMd to a certain extent ; but a year and a half after, baring expoaed bim- aelf to cold, he wa* leiaed with pleurity, by which be wa* carried off. May 30, IBOl. Froleaior Millar leftf^ur ton* and lix daugfaten. A full menioir of hia life wsi written tty bia nephew, Mr John Cnig, and prefixed to a fourth edition of bit Origin of tbe Diatinction of Eank*, publiibed in 1S08.
MITCHELL, JotiPB, a dramatUt of the eighteenth century, waa bwn about the year 1684. Hi* father, who I* deieribed a* a itone-cutter, appeat* to haT* been In decent drcumatance*, a* he gare hi* wm a liberal education, indud- ■i^ a coune at me €£ the SootUih uniTertltiea, but which of thMi it not now known. On Gonpleling hi* education, Mitchell repaired to Londtn, with the Tiew of puahing hi* fortune In that metn^Kilia, and wa* lucky enough to get into fiiTMir with the earl of Stair and Sir Hobeii Walpole. How he effected thit, whether by the force of hi* lalenti, or by what other nwao*, ii not known; but ■ Vol. ill. p. IM.
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MONRO. 15
hit hold HI llw patronn^ of th* latter MpecUlly, ■Mm to Iibt* bMn linguUriy ■troDg, u Sir Robert Blmtat entirely lupported him dimog bii after life. The mbI »nd gntitude ot Mitchell, in return for Ihii benerolenoe, and nhidl took the dupe ofiherMT eHiwioa, eometimei in bebalf ot, end Mmetiinee compli- KMittary t« hia patron, becatne lo nuibed, m to procure for him the title of Sir Robert Walpole*! poet. The reddew Bud extcxTSfant hebiU of Mitchell, how ever, kept him oonetentl; in a itala <^ great pecuniary dictroM, notwithttandiiig the liberal petzonaga irf Walpole ; and w inrstovte were theee habila, that » legacy of aereral tlioiBaDd poundi, whidi wai left hin by an uncle of hit wife, ■careely affinded Um eren a temponuy relief.
Although Hitdiaira abUitiee were of but h rsiy modetate order, he yet ranked amongit Kk friendi many of the mett emiiMnt men of fail timea, particulMrly Mr Aaroii Hill. To thti gentleman he on one oocaaion oommunkated hia di»- treoed condition, and wiight aainance from him. Mr Hill ma un^le to af- ford him any pecuniary relief, but he gei>ero*idy preMnted him with both the prodn and reputation of a little dramatic piece, entitled Fatal KsliaT^- gance ; a piece which he leemi ingemeudy to hare adapted at once to leliere and reprOTO the object of hi« beneratence. Thii play waa acted and printed in Mr Hitchell'i name, and the profiti accniing from it were craiiiderable ; but IhOBgh he acoepted the latter, he wat candid enough to diadaim the merit of being ill author, and took ersry opportunity of undaceiring the world on thii p<rint, and of adinowledgii^ hia obligation! to Mr Hill.
Of MiUbell, dieie ii littie men known. Hia talanta ware not of a Mf. fidantly high order to attract mudi tKitice while he lived, or to pron^t any laqDity after hit death. He died m the 6th July, 1738. The following dm- BBtic prodnetiona appear under hi* name, hot the laat only i* really hii, and it ii not without contidanbla merit : — Fatal Extraiagance, a tragedy, 8to, 1790 ; nualErtniTSgance, a tmgedy, enlarged, ISmo, 1796; and The Hif^tknd Fair, an opera, 9to, 17SI. In 1799, he published, beaidM, two octaro Tolumei «f miieellaneou* poetry.
MONRO, ALsuioEa, M. IX, uaually called Secnacbi, to dirtinguiih him from Ue ftther, an eminent medloj writer and teacher. Before entering uprai the menoin of thk indiridual, it la neceMary to gira aooM account of hia &tber, Dr Monro, PHmiu, die fMudar of the madlcal adiool of Edinburgh, who, har- log been bwn in London, ia not preciiely entitled to appear in thii weak under
1^ Monro, Prbnut, waa bom in London, SeptNnber 19, 1697, He wae tkt •on of Mr John Hooro, a aurgeon in Ae army of king William, deacended hom the fiuoily of Monro of Milton, In the north at BooUand. Hit mother wai of the &mily of Porfoea of Cnlloden, Having retired from the army, Hr Monro tattled in Edlabu^h about the beginning of the righteentb cantary, and entar- log the ocdl^ of torgeofM, toon aoqidred ooutideraUe practice. Hit farourite mn^oyment, howerar, wat to anperinteiid Iha education of hit bob, whete talente be peroeited at an early ptried. Though medical and anatomkal diairt at that time esiited in the m^renity of Edinburgh, tfaey were quite ineffldent, and hence it wai found necettary to tend young Monro elaewhere for the completioa of hit education. He want aueoeniTely to London, Pant, and Leyden, ud b»- cane the ettentire pupil of the great men who then taught at thote uniraraitiea, among whom were Cbetelden, Hawkeby, Chowel, Ronqoet, Thihant, and Boer- haare. Not content with lirtaning to the inatructiont dt theee teadiert, he itudied attiduoDily by himaalf, e^tedally in the departeient of anatomy. While attending Cheeelden in London, he made numerout anatomical preparatioM, which he aent home ; and, while here, eren laid the fboadatioD of hit important
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work on Uw boDM, » JutA of whidb be read befora > loctaty of young wrgMtna and phyti<3Bii«, of irhich he hod been alactod a memlMr. B«fon bti nUuu, hi* AtlMr had pteMoled MTersl of hi* prepanUioui to the college, to that hia ikill wsa already well kaoim. The titular profaHor of attatomy to the college (rf' •urgeonj had btbd fonoed the leMlution of relinquitliing hii appoiDtment ia faTouT of Ihii promuing young analwniit, who, he thought, wotdd be able to coarert it ioto ao uwful profeMioo. Accordiogly, on hit aniTol ia Ediobin^, In 1719, when only twenty-two yean of age, he wai nomiualed Ui thit dignity. £«r1y in the eneuing year, he conuneoced the fint regular coutm of °""'"""fyl and chinugiml lecturei and demonitratiooi, which were eier delirered in that dly. From hie abilitiei and leal, and the preparation! wilh whi<^ he illuitrstad hit ditcounei, nicceai could hardly fail to attend bia labour*. It couU not, luir- ever, be expected that an anatomical and wrgical couna alone, howeier ralu- able, or a tingle profewor, however great hii abilitiet, could be tufficient U> raiM the fiDie ot a medical tchool, which had to combat many riial ieminariea of deaerred eminence, U became, therefne, a matter of the ulraoM conuquonoa to obtain nich Mioeiatei aa could lecond and lupptwt hit Ii^khii*. 1{|i father, to wbote seal for the eitahlitfament of a medical ichool in Edinbuigh, much of hit •on't tuccen it to be attributed, preruled on Dr Altlon, then king'* botaniit for Scotland, to begin a coune of lecturee on the' materia medica. lie alao took an expedient for improring hii 100*1 mode of lecturing. Without the young teacher'i knowledge, he inrited the pretident and fellow* of the college of pby- ilciani, and the whole company of lurgeont, to honour die fint day'i lecture with their pretence. Thia unexpected company threw the doctor into luch confuiion, that he fbrgot the wordi of the diiooune, which be bad written and committed to memory. Haring left hit papert at hone, be wsi at a lott for a little tinie what to do ; but, with much preience of mind, he immediately began to thow tome of the anatomical preparation), in order to gain time for tecolleo- tion J and very toon retolf ed not to attempt to repeat the ditcoune which he had prepared, but to expren himielf in huA language ai ihould occur to him from the tubject, which he wat confident that he underitood. The. experiment lucceeded ; be delivered himaalf well, and gained great applauae at a good and ready tpeaker. Thut ditcoTering hit own itrength, he reiolred henceforth never to recite any written diicoune in teaching, and acquired a free and ele- gant ityle of delivering lecturei.
The want of lecturei on other branchei, which ttUl remained at an obitacle to the creation of a medical ichool, wat loon altogether overcome by the zeal of the elder Monro, through wbote influence hit ion and Dr Aliton were put upon the G(dlege ettablithment, together with co-operative lectureihips, undertaken by Dn Sindair, Butherford, and Flumer, Such waa the origin of the medical ichoolof Edinburgh, which fornearly a centuryhai been one of the meet eminent and meat frequented in Europe. The lyilem wat completed in the coune of a few yean, by the eitabliihment of the Royal Infirmary at Edinburgh, which waa chiefiy urged forward by Dr Monro, with a view to the advantage of bit pupili, and by George Diummond, the lord provott of the city. In thia inititution, Dr Monro commenced clinical lecturei on the iurgic&l, and Butherford a limilar coune on the medical caiei. The former, in bii varioui capadtiei of phyiician, lecturer, and manager, took an active part in the whole butineu of the In6r> mary. He penonally attended the opening of every body ; and he not only dictated to the itudanta an accurate report of the ditMCtion, but, with nice dia> criminatiwi, contraated the diteoied and lound itate of every organ, Thui, in hia own peiaon, he afforded to the itudentt a cooipicuoui example of the ad- vantagei of early auatMnical punuiti, at the bappiett foundation for a medical
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MONRO. 17
Mipentnu'turs, HU beiog at cmca engaged in two departnunb, the anftlomicfll theatn and ths dinfial dtdr, fntnulMd hin nith opporliuiiUei for axperinieiit both oa tbe daad and liriog body, uid pkoed him id the aott hfoamlile niuk- lion for the improTCMent ^ medtdiw ; and frmn thoM opportunitiet he deriT«d •army pcNiible adnnlige wbldi they could afford.
None cfthe proflwofi conneoted vritfa nedJdDe m the Edinbiu^b uniTenity, contributed w much to the fonnatloii of the cchool, m Dr M«ini, who wu iiHl»- AttigaUe in the loboun of hit office, and in the cultimtiini of his art, uid Man made himelf known to the proAedtnial world by a variety of ingenioue and Tsluahle publieationi. During a period of nearly forty yean, he continued, without any interruption, to deliT«r a coutse of lecturea, extending Iroin the end of October to tlie beginning irf' Hay ; and lo great wai the reputation which he ■cquifed, that (tudenti flodied to him from the meat diatant parti <^ Iho king- dom. Hit fint and principal publkatioD waa hit (Metdogy, or Treatlte on the Amttomy of the Bonea, which appeared !n 1739, when be nai aa yet under Uiirty yean of age. Thit treatiM, thm^h intended originally for the ute of hit pvpilt, (peedily became p<^«lar among the faculty in general, and wat trant- lated into mott of the languagea of Europe. I'he Ffendi edition, in folio, publiihed by M. Sue, demonrirator of teulptura to the Boyal Academy of Farit, wat adorned with matterly engraring^ In the later edition*, Dr Monro added a eondtt Neurology, or datcription of the nenet, and a Tery accuntle account of the lacteal lyitem and thoracic ducL
In BTery todety at Edinburgh, for the improrement of arte, or of letlen, Ur Monro nai one of the ntoet diidnguiihed (KnamenU. He wa* a member of the College! of Phyiidaiti and Bnrgeoni ; of the Medical Society ; of the Philoeo- phical Society ; of the Select Society for queitioni in morality and politic* ; end of the Society for promoting arta, icienoet, and manufacture* in Scotland. He HBt alto a member of teven] foreign todetiet, lo whidi be had been raconi- mended by hit great reputation. It wa* to hit leal and activity that the world wa* chiefly indebted for Ibe lix rolumet of Medical Enay* and Obaerratiom, by a todety at Edinbnrgh, the Bnt of whidi appeared in 1738. Dr Monro acted a* editor of thit woik, and contributed to it many laluable pnpen on anatomi- cal, phytiological, and practical tubjeett ; the mott el^korate of whidi wa* en £Hay on the Nutrition of the Foetut, in thne dittertatiom. On thit todety be- lt^ afterwordi rOTired under a different title, Dr Mmro again took an actiTe part in ll* proceeding* at one of the vke-pretidenlt, and wa* a liberal eontribu- tor to it* publication!, of whidi three rdomea appeared, under the title of Et- ■ayi, Phyticd and Literary. Hit lait publication wai an Account of the Bue- ceit of Inoculation in Scotland, written originally at an anawer to tome inquiriei addreited to him from the committee of the faculty of phyiidana at Farit, ap- pointed to inreadgate the menlt of the practice. It wa* afterward) publiihed at the requeat of tereral of hit frjendt, and contributed to extend the practice in Scotland. Beddet the woriii whidi he publitbed, be leftierersl manuicripti, written at different timea, of which the following are the principal : A Hiitory of Anatomical Writen, — an Encheiretit Anatomlca, — Heada of many of hit Lecture*, — a Treatiie on Wonnda and Tumoutt,— Ji Treatiie on ComparatiTe Anatomy, — and an oration De Cuticola. The lait two were printed in an edi> tion of hii whole woiki, in one rolume, 4to, publiihed by hi* ton, Dr Alexander Monro, 1781,
The adrance of age and infirmity, induced Dr Monro to reaign hit diair, in 1759, in &TOur of hi* whi ; but he continued almoit to the clote of hit lift to perform hit dutiet in the Royal Infirmary. StTeral of hit latter yenn were irablttered by a lerere diteoie, a fnngout ulcer in the bladder and teotnu ;
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18 MONRO.
but h< Imin hii ditlNHM with gr«*t pitienca aad retifnation, and at bM dW in p«rbct oalniiMH, July 10, 1707, ia the Nnntiedi year of hii ago,
Dr Manra had ia aarly lift raatiiad HIai IiatMlla Hacdanaid, d»mlMar of Sir DwHtid Blaodonaid of Skat, bjr whom h« bad eigfit diildren, four of wIub, tin* MUM and a danghtor, loadiad ■laturitjr. Two of hii aoni iMeana dirtio- guitliad phjraldana — namaiy, Dr Oooald Honnt, who alUinod an oiBiiieBt pno- tloa In London, and bocanw the aatlior of aaraial vaWablo tnatiaai, — an Eaay on Dropiy, 170a — on the Ditaaaaa of Military Hotpitali, 176t— «n HiDenl Waton, 1771— on pnaarring the Health ofSoMien,&c,— and died in 1803; and Dr Alexander Monro Mowbt, of wboao lift we ihall proceed to give am extended notion
Dr Monro MctMCiwr, waa the young«et aon of Dr Alexander Homo priamt, whoH lift ha* juit b«en coanMmotBted, and waa bom at Edinburgh, on the HOth of March, 1793. Ha learned the 6i*t radimeDli of claaaical oduiatiaa, under the tuition of Mr Huodell, then an eminent teacher of languagea, at Kdinburgh. At the unirenlty <rf hji natire city, Dr Monro went ihrougli ths ordinary couth of philoaophy, preparatory to hit medicai ftndiei. During dut eount, be wa* a pupil of the celebrated Maolaurin, for Matliematki, — of S'n John Tringle, for ethlca, — and of Dr Matthew Stewart, for experimental philo- aophy. About the 18lh year of liia age, he entered on hU meiiical Hudie* un- dar hit llturtriout Cither, who, from hit lecture* and writing!, lud, by that time, JuaUy obtained rery gteat celebrity. Young Monro aoon became a rsry unful Utlitanl Is hd bthar in the dletecUng^mom, and wa* bighly raipecled for hi* early aoqulrementa, among the companion* of hi* ttudie* ; •ereral of whom, Ur Hu^ Smith of London, l)r Matthew Dobton of Lirerpool, Dr William Fair oT Plymouth, and *oi»e olhm, were a^rward* justly oelefaialed in the annsJ* of nedldne, by thalr wilting*.
Dt Monro, after oonipleting the aoademical coime of medical *tudy at Edin- burgh, under Di* HuthMford, Plumar, Sinclair, Aliton, and otiwr eminent men, obtained thedegree of Doctor of Medidne, on the 17th of October, 1755. On that mwailan, he publlihed and defended an inaugural dimertation, D* Tettibui et S«- mlne In raril* AnlmnlltKia. That diMartation, which manifeita hi* accurate knowledge of minnte anatomy, waiilluitrated by RTe capital engraringi, each plot* oontaining iCTeral different figucei ; and it laid the foundation of the important ditoorertet which he afterward* made with regard to the lymphatic lyitam. Th« public leatimony which I}r Monro thua gave of hi* anatomioU Icnowledge, and the reputation whidi he lud acquired both a* a demonitrator and lecturer, when oocaalonally ***l*ting hi* ftther, naturally attieded the attention of the patrooa of the uniranlty c^ Edinburgh ; and to lecure to the leminary under their ore, a young man of luch diitlngulthed abilitie*, be wai, on the ISth of July, 1755. when he hod but ju*t entered on tlw twenty-third year of hi* age, admiUed into the uaiTeraity a* profeoor of anatomy and lurgery, in conjunction with hi* father ; but that father, *till in the rigour of lift, and Ailly able to execute every part of the dutie* of hi* office, did not requiie the immediate *i*iitauce of hi* eon. Aooordingly, young Monro, after 6ni*hing hi* academical aludiei at home, reeolred to proeecuta them abroad. With thii intention, he riiited both London and Pari*, where he had an opportunity of being a pupil of the most eminent profaaaon in tiieae citie*. But hi* foreign itudiee were principally prteecuted ct the unlTenity of Berlin. Then he had erery opportunity of ioiproring hinuelf under the celebrated proftaaor Meckel], who waa at that time juatly eatoeond one of the Bnt anatomical teacheta in Europe. During hi* retidence in Berlin, he wa* not only a pupil at the prelection* of Meckel!, but iired in hi* home, and thu* enjoyed the benefit of bi* inalruction* both in public and prirate, Thnt
.HONSO. 19
Iroai tbew kmikm, hii niUural and acquEnd abilltie* wan mudi iuptond, mny TsadiljF b« uippoMd ; and b« himMlf wai w fully leiiiibla of what he omd to *a MoiiMitf a preceptor aa Haekell, that during the long pariod for nhich he taug;lit snalMny at Ediiibur^, he allawed not a dnglo year to p«» nithoiit repeatedly expnntng hit gntitnde, for the iiatracdMi ba bad teoaiTed under tba roof of thil jiutly celebratod profwor.
FVom Berlin, Or Monro ratomed to Edtnbut^b in (umner I7fi8. Immedi- ately upon hb mlum, he mi adndtted a lioentiata of the Boyal Collage of Fhy- aidant, and entered upon actual practIo& Aa wkui ai tbe regulation! of ibe eollege would permit, be wai raiMd to the rank of Fellowihip, and took bit Mat a* a member of that recpectable body on Ibe let of Hay, 1759. AAer that dale, fw moro than balf a century, ho continued to exert bimaelf with unwearied ao- tirity, not only at a profeetor and practitioner, but ai an improrer of the beal- JDg art, and of our knowledge of tbe philcaophy and itructure of tbe animal frame. Thii will abundantly appear Irom a diort reiiew of the different publi- cationa with which he baa enriched tbe treasury of medical phikaophy, oonrey* tng important initniction both to hii contamponurie*, and to the tatoit poaterlty.
Very loon after be tettled in Ediabutf h, be not only became a colleague of hii fiitber in the cdlege, but he Micceeded him alio ai aecretory to tbe Philoao- pblcal Society of Edinbuifh, In the Tolumea publiihed by Ihe aociety, Dr Monro fint appeared aa an author. UU fint pubUcstion wai printed in the firtt volume of a well known sod jiutl; celebrated work, entitled, Euay* and Obser- vationi, Fhyiiod and Literary, read before a Society in Edinburgh, and pulv lithed by Uiem. Tbi* fint volume of their memoir) appeared in 17Si, and contalne two anabmiical eiaay* by Alexander Monro, itudent of medicine in tbe UDiTenily of Edinburgli ; ficnn both of vAidi be obtained rery great credit aa an inleUigont and indiNtrioui young anatomist. In their lecond volume, publithed in 1758, are contained alao two articlei from bii pen ; the dinection of a monaler, and tbe hiitory of a genuine volvulut of the iat«itine« ; both of which lerred ma- terially to improve the philoaophy of medicine, and to do credit to the author. Hit next three publicationi were mwe of a controvertial nature, than calculated to extend our knowledge of the ilructure or philoiopby of ttw human body. From a very early period, at appeart from hit inaugural dittertation, be bad adopted the idea, that the valvular lymphatici over the whole of the animal body, were ono general lyttem of abtcwbenla : and, with the view of promulgat- ing Ihii doctrine, he publiihed at Berlin, in 1759, a ihort traatito. Do Venit Lymphaticit Valruloiii, The grand idea, however, which thii thort treatiae GontaiDad, wat afterwarda claimed by Dr WilUam Hunter of Londtm ; and thii claim drew from tbe pen of Dr Monro two other publicationi, — Obaervationi, Anatomical and Phytiological, wberein Dr Hunter't claim to tome Ditcoveriet, ia examined, — and, Anawer to tlie Netet on the Poattcript to Obaervationi Ana- tomical and Phyiiological. Hare, the only diAerence between theae two eminent men, waa, not with regard lo the extent or uae of die valvular lympba- tict, but with regard to the merit of being the ditoorerer of their ute. A judg- ment on that controverty it now of very liule importance ; and perhap* neither of them ii juitly entitled to the merit of the ditoovery. For, prior to either, that the lympbatici were a general tyttem, bad been eiplicitly slated by the iU iuatrious Holfman. But that the anatomical labours, both of Monro end Hunter, independently of any information wliicb the one derived from the other, tended very much to extend our knowledge of the lymphatic syitem, will not be denied by any intelligent reader,
lo the year 1771, the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, which Dr Monro tended not a little to support, by fulfilling alt the duties of an iDlelligent and
Mtlva McnUry, publiihad tha third mi4 lut lolunw of Ihsir I^ayi and Ohaer. ntioni, Phjnlcal ud Litanry. Thii toIihm, aiaong many oUmt mlnabla «•- K]ri, ii raridiMl by a. pioductioD of Dr Moaio, antitled, An Atteiapt to U*tar- miDe by Experimenta, how far tome of tha laoat powerinl BUdicinw, (^om. Ardent Spiriu, and EM«iitiaL Oili, aflbct Aninwli, by acting on thaw Nwrta la iriildi tlwj art primarily applied, and thereby briDging tha raft of the Nenooa SyiMm into (ufhnmce, by what ia called Bympathy of Nerrca ; and how ftr UieM Medicinea afftct Animali after being token in by Ibair Abaarbeot Veins, and mixed and conreyed with their Blood ia Uie coune of drculation ; with Phydo- logical and Practical lUmarka, Thia elaboiate diaaertation, highly intereating In die practice of Medidne, afforded ample proo& of the gniiu, tlM jtklginent, and the Indurtry of the author.
In 1783, Dr Monro pnbUahed a large folio volume, entitled, Obaenatlona on the fltracture and Function! of the Nemwa Syetem. Thii nlume, wbieh wai illuMrated by numeroui engrailagi, waa loon aAerwaida tranalated into Gennan ■nd into oUier modern European laaguagea ; and, high aa bU reputation waa tvefore, it tended both to uipport and to increaae hie Ame.
The aame coniequencet alio resulted from aaolher folio volume whEA be pubUihed in tha year ITSfi, entltlad. The Structure and Fbytiolt^ of FtdMi. •aplained and compared with thoae of Man and other Animals, lUuatnted with Figurea. In 17S9, be publiahed a Uiird folio rolume, entitled, A D«acnp- tion of all the Burue MucoacB of Uw Human Body ; their Siructute explained, and compared with that of the Capaular Ligamenta of the Jcnnti ; and of tboaa Baca whtdi line the caTitiei of the thorax and ^tdornen, with Rwnariu on the Acddania and Diaaaaea vthidi aAct theae lerenl Saca, and an the oparationi n^ mwiry few their cure.
For theae three woHca, the folio form w» necMaary, on account of the ain of the plaUa with whidi they were illuatrated, and whlA had been engiavod at a rery great expanae, AlQiou^ all thaw three folios were preaenled to tbe learned world within the abort apace of Are yeara, yet they may be ooneidered aa tbe adentifio fhiitt of ttie boat part of Dr Monro'a lifo. For, although a large portion of hia time waa necMiarily occupied In teadiing anatomy to nunwoua claMM, and in extenii*e practice aa a phyiidan, yet, amidrt all hli important arocaUona, he protecuted with unwearied aiildiiity the axteuaioa of diaoorery, and ncglectsd no opportunity of inoeaaing our knowledge of the philoec^y of the human body. Of hii aUDceaa in thew inteieiting punulti, the three woriu now mentioned, will tranamit lacontrorertible erldence to tha latwt poaterity.
I>r Monro prvtmt, aa already noticed, had officiated for more than thirty yean aa wcretory to a Medical Society in Edinburgh, which waa formed of (be iDoit eminent pbyiiciana of tha city at that time. During Ibi* period, ha bad publiihed in their name, aix rolumn of Medical Eaaaya, whidi had ob- tained the approbation of the moat eminent phymdana in erery country of En- rope, inaomucb, that the ilJuitrioui Haller had repreaanted it aa a book qaem tumo eartre potett. But about the year IT SO, a propoaa] waa made to unite the phyiidani and phDoec^hera of Edinbin^ into one Society. Thia popnaal waa atienuoualy lupportsd by Henry Home, aiterwarda lord Kamw, and Mr Darid Hume. The union waa accordingly aceompliihed ; and in place of the Medical, thay aaanmed the name of the Philoaophical So- daty of Edinburgh, Dr Monro priimu itill continued to be one of dieir aecretariea, and had conjoined with him Mr Datid Hume, Ihe faiitorian, for the pfailoiophicsl departmenL Thia aociaty publiahed tbna rolumea of Eiwya and Obwrratioui, Phyaical and Literary. Tbe fint rolume, aa haa already been obaerred, ciHilaini lome pRpen wrilten by Alexander BSonro MCmdnt,
..C.oogk-
itudmt of niftdiciDt. Bat &fur bU return from bii itudiM on tlie , mhI Bflar hit eoojuiulian with hii fntber In th* prtriamrthip of he WH b1h> ooDJoined trith bim u tacnUry to the PbiltMopbic*! Society of Edinbtirgb ; mai slUiougta Mr Uobw (till retKioed tbe nam* of the ^■ikeophical tMntarj, yet Dr Monro teemtdiit may juetl; be CMwideiM m the editor <rf the two iMt mitaom. With the venerable lord Kamee oi tbair ^e«< dent, end Dr Monro eeeiMdiM u their acti^ •Boatary, (fbr Hr Bnnie, not iaag after hk eppointinoDt, left Edinbuif^, to act in a diplomatic diaraeter in France,) the Philoaophical Society of Edinbu^ had i^iUai meetiiigi. The phydeJBDa and phihaophMt, who were then the greateit oniaawnt* of Edio' b«t^,— lord Kamee, Sir Oeoi^ Clerk, Hr Jtim Cleric, Dre Cullen, Home, Hope, Bbusk, Yauag, Mimro, and many other*, — coiwtituted the ttnnglh of the awn rial I nil ; and the Eaayi and ObwrvatioDa, Pfay^al and Literary, Which they ptddUted to the wm-ld, wiU erer bold a dittiBguiabed place in urk< iag the pvogreH of tdmux. The third and lart folone publiahed by the PhiloeopUca) Sodety of £dii>buf|[h in 1771, ooMum eerenl pepei* from the pen of Dr Hooro tteimdat. Beddee the Inlareettnf expariniente on opium, anient ^riti, and OMontial oil«, of which mention hae ahead; been made, it omitalne important obaerfationi, communioalsd by hira, on Folypui in the Pharynx and (Eaophagua, and on the uh of mercury in conniluTe diieate*. Soon after the publication of thii third Tolume, a plan waa projectod for putting the Philoaophical Sodety of Edinburgh upon a itill bkho reipettabla footing and ezten»iTe Male, and of oomprebending not only medical and pbytlcal ■cience, but srery epeciee of lileivy and philologidl diecuMJona. Thii azlen- uon wai particularly enforced by Dr HoberltOD, then prindpa), and Mr Dal- ■ell, then proflMaor of Greek, in the uniTeriity uf Edinburgl). The negotiation toniuDated in the Phtloeophical Sodety at a body, with the addition at many other Msinent icholari, twing incorporated by royal tdiarter in the year 178£, under the title of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
On the ettabliehment of the Boyal Sodety, Dr Honro, whow thne waa much •eenpied with extemire pactice in medicine, dedined any longer offidatiog at ieuretary ; but he continued not only to be one oi their ooundlloi*, but to be nn actire and uiefu) fellow of the Royal Sodety of Edinbu^h ; and he en- rkhad their trsniactioiu with aareial raiuable coomuni cation*, particularly with the deecription of a human male nwniter, with an elabomte «erie* of experi- Meal* on animal electridty or galnninD, whidi, from the diacorerie* of Galvan), yioSimiir of anatomy of Bologna, hai engaged the attention of almcat every phileeophw in Europe, and with abeerratioDi on the Muiclea, particularly on the eAda of theii oblique fibna.
The hwt publication with which Dr Monto eoricbed medical tdenoe, wa* a quarto Tolume, conditing of three treatiiei, oa the Brain, the Eye, and the Ear, publiihed at Edinburgh in the year 1797. And although theae organ* had before been examined with the utmost attention by anatomiUa of the lint eminence, yet, from careAit examination, he made no Inooniideiable addition to our knowledge, both of the itnicture and function! of theie important
OTfRDK
Or Mcnra'a talenta extended hi* fiune orar all Qirope, and he had the honour of being ndmitted a member ot the moat celebialed medical inititutiona, particularly of the royal academic* of Pari*, Madrid, Berlin, Moacow, aud other learned eocietiei^ Hi* eminence as an author waa not iuperior to hit ftme aa a teacher of medidne. For a long eerie* of yean bii dam room wai att«nded by crowded audience* ; and no bearer of real diacenunent could li^ ten to him without being both picaied and inetruded by hi* prelection*. He
HONTEATH.
the b^nnii^ of Ae winter mia> 175ft-S9. Dr Monro primtu, gara tho intiBimLuij iMtara by mack tb« gTeater part oT Hw oNno ww giTM by Iha yMng fmfcwin ; a^ for forty nHxeadiag yMn be pmfami^i lb aidaOM AitiM «f Iba ■wti^ii ■! cliwr withodl any inrtuL No laadnr coaM attaad to lb* hoiBMi af hw dnir ittth more anSdnily. ladoad, dnriBK tb> wbola of that pwiaJ, ha aada ft an iaTariaUe nik to p«^ooe to hit amil— ial datiM arary alhar taaiatw that GouM poaibly adait of dalay.
While wa thut iteta Dr Momo't chanctar a* aa aathor aad a tmhar, hk math H a nun and a dtnao bm* not be forKaUaa. Witt tm hratbfaa af Aa Hb coUeagwa in ^ anivaraty, be lived oa tbe mmt aMk^la
joy to a higiiar d^rae, ■
M aodal boaid. HewMOMoftbeM
attaodanU of, the Hamian Society,— a lociety wbicA was fwaaiJ with Aa in-
g coOTiTial mirth a Mraro wa« an hoDMt and ai not withhold applauM triiere be ibonflit it a and tbe oennira of Dr Monro m open, and the bonart maa. Ai a dtivn, a f wa« amiable and aflbctianate in tbe higben d^iae ; and aa ■ and teadier, he had few eqnab amonf hia cootaaiparanaai li lithed worki may be recapitulaled aa foUowi; Traatiae on tbe Lymph^ki, 1770; OntheAaatomyof FlahM, 1785; On the Ner«M, 1783 ; f)n tbeBawr MiKoue, 1788 ; and three Traatieea on the Brun, the Eye^ and tbe B^, 1797.
Dr Monro'! diief ■mnamnfiiiti lay in tbe witnaMing of dramatic peifawwew, and in the cultiTatioD of hii garden. Not nany yeaia aAer hw aatabHihiaenl in Edinburgh he purdiased the baautifid eitate of Craigiockfaait, im tbe faw^ ofthe Welor of Laith, within a Aw milei (^ tbe city. He planted and baatfi- liad tome dianningly romaDtic hill*, wbidi affbrded him nicb delightAil prca- peett of wood and water, hill and dale, dty and oottage, at hare aeUoaa beta equalled ; and here he ipent many boon ttolen from the lal>oiiii of hit profet- lion. In 1800, finding hiiheallh dedining, be b^n to roceiTO tba tMitance of hii (on, the preient profewir of anatomy; bat he continued to deliver the matt important part of the lecturtt till 1808-9, when be elated hit academical Inboun, lo the infinite regret of hit numerooi itudenla. At tlta nma thna be gare up hit medical practice, but lurrirad tJII tbe Snd of October, 1817, whan he died in the 8Sth year of hit ngt.
MONTEATH, Oaoaaa Conniianui, anihor of a Hanoal erf' the Diieaaet of Ac Human Eye, wai bom, December i, 1788, in the manie of Neiltton, Renfrew ihire, of which pariah hit father, the Rer. Dr John Montcath, (latterly of Hout- ton and Killallan,) wat then minitter. After patnog througb the medical and targical dame* in the unirenrity of Glntgow, the aibject of thii notice attended the hotpitali in London, wbere he attnicted the notice of Sir Attley Cooper, and other eminent anatomiilt, and receiTod a diploma from the Royal College of Surgeoni. In 1S09, by the recoiamendalion of Dr M. Balllie, he wat ap- pointed lurgeon to lord Lonine'i Northumberland r^ment of militia, in whi^ liluation he remained four yean, honoured with the aAcUtNi and etteem of all
HONTSATH. . 23
kb biotlNr oflfean. He then ndgnvd hit coamiimaa, and oommenead pnctica in Oktgow, M B phyiidan and ocuUit. la ISIS, ha craned, with a frivnd, a wmM of lactam on practical anattmy, but wh mwd obligad, by tba lapid in- crtaaa ol liif practice, to ralinquiah thii duty. Being the fint pnuAitioner in Glaagow nho darotad paiticular attantion to tha diaaaaai of tho eye, he looa Im- caoM celabniad, not only in the city, but orer all ihe iieit of Sootland, for hii ikilful treatuMnt of that dan of con^kinta, and had many impmlant and difli- cult caaai intriNted to him. In 1831, he publitbed bii Slanual of the Diieatai of ibe Human Eye, now parhipa the moat pt^lar norlc on the lubjact. Though poaaaad odgioaUy of a good conttitution, Dr Montaath giadually tank under die prcMure of hi* mulcibriout dulia* ; and, having been leiied with inflamnia- tion, inconaaqiMDoe of a uight journey, ha waa, to the great r^ret of hit friend* awl the public, cut off, January 85, 1838, in the fortieth year of hia a^
Dr Montootfa wai chaiactariied, hy one who knew him wall, and who undar- took tha tnk of ccmroemoratiDg hi* death ia the public print*, ai " at once au aooompliilMd ^yiician and an emintnt lurgeon," Hit niind, diitinguiihed *a it «H by dearnaM of method, rainuleneH of obMrration, and lounduen at judg- nwat, «■• particularly Gttad f<H- tha inTeitigalion* of the formar profeHion, Hia poww ^ diatingulihiog, (perbap* the power upon which tucowi in tbe prac- tice of nadicine dependa more Ihaa any other,} added to hii thorough know- ledge of what othan had diicorered, and hii raadineat in applying what either hia erudition or hii azparience tupplied, made aame regret that ha did not de- vote hlMaelf to the Inwnew of a phytician alone.
" Aa a nirgaon, however, hit lucceM wu parhape itill nme raniaikable. It waa not the aucoen of chance, — it wa* Ihe raault of patient application, at an early period of life, to that icience, without which all attempt* at eminence in thii departawnt, miiit neoeeaariiy &il, — we mean the tcienca of anatomy. It waa tba rewlt oif cla*e and emulou* attention to tha practice of the ableit mu^ gooat in tha matropolii. It wa* attributable in no imall degree to an accuracy In planning bis operation*, and a coUectadneM of mind at the time of operation, auch that no accident could occur which had not baen preconii dared, or which cenld in tba alightaat maaiure ditcompcae him. Every turgical operation which ha undertook, had evidently been tha (ubjeet of much previoui thought, — erary ordinary ciroimilance had been carefully inveaiigated, — many circunutance* whidi a common mind would probably hare overlooked, had been weighed with deep attention, — and neilfaar the honour of hi* art, nor the lafety of hi* patient, waa at any time left to what might occur at tlw moment
*' Dr HootaBth wat particularly diitinguiihed aa an oculiit, and waa nnque*- liooably the fint individual in thii dty who materially improved tlie treatment of the diaeaaaa of the eye. It wai here that the qualiliei of mind, to which we have already alluded, were of the greatatt tervice to him, — namely, hii power of minute lAaervstion, and tlie art, in which he ao highly excelled, of diitin- gtuihing nint, which, though they might aaem alike when viewed *uperficislly, ware, in fact, very different, and might require even oppoaite meant of cure.
" Dr Montaath^ attention to hi* patianli wot particularly deterring of approba- tion,— it extended to the poorett m well a* the riche*t, and allowed no cir- . auMtaooe to etcape notice, which could tend, even in a remote degree, to nlteviate tuflering, or lacura recovery. Thoie who had no other meant of judg- ing of hit tupariority aa a medical {osctitianer, muit have been rtnick with thii trait of bit character, and acknowledged it at an cKoelleuce cf no mean valuer Hia manner waa toothing, and hit poUteneM &*dnating. None who bad ever employed him at a medical attendant, oould tee him approodi, without feeling their dittret* already in pari lubdued, their faar* allayed, and their bopet iu-
Ckibi^lc
34 MONTGOMSBY.
*^[OTat»tl, b; the pfOMOM of ooe, in nfaoM uipk tkill sod iwnMrM pain thay could M impli^Uy nmfida."
HONTGOMEKY, Almmw, u ««lr pott of eiwaidanblo &b«, frtmn Pt ban bMo a jminSM Mn of MilgoMaiy of Hwllwoit CmUs, in Ajnhira, abfUMhorUMBoblefiwilyofE^iataMBa. Ha ionririwd ia Ae ra%ii sf Jana* VI,, but pcobakljr wroM Tanaaat an aalooadont poiiod, a*MBe of hi* compgab- liom ara tnowaribad in Dm Bannatyna UanoKript, which mm aiittan in I S68. The date of bit birth— (urthar than that it ma upon an Eattai'^iy — tfaa plaea and natura of hi* education, and the punnila of hia early yaaia, ai» all inTohwd in obwurity. Ha ia laid to ban been bcMiglit up ia lb* coonty of Argjla ; a &ct whidi aaeiM to gather Nme confinaation ihm a puaage in DeBp*l«r — " equet Montanua rnlgo Tocataa," — h if be had acquired agae aimmcm nicfc- naue, Nch ai " the Hi^iland tnM^er ;" for Uoalgonery nater wa* knightad There ii aoma reaaoo to auppoaa that be waa at ouo time a doaaaatic w com- mander in the guard of tba regent Morton. Hia moat bmiliar title, " Captain Alexander Montgomery," reodera it probaUe that (be latter m* the natun of hia office, for the word CapUin aa^ to hare baaa &iA uaed in Soatland, in reference to <Acen in the immediate aerrioa of the aoranign. Halrille, in hi* Diary, mentiona that when Patrick Adaoaon waa proMOtod to the anUtiahofric of St Andrew*, (an erent which ocoumd in the year 1577J than wM tkaa al court " captain Mimtganiery, a good honeat man, and tba ragant'i doNMKic/ who, leaoliectiof a phnae which the new primate had been aocurtonad to naa in hi* aermoo*, remarked to aome of hi* conpeniona, " for a* oAaa aa tt una reported by Mr Patrick, tht prophet wmU mmm (Ai>, I De<rer uaAawlaod what the prophet meant Ull now."
Montgomery appear* aftermnla to havo been in the aarriee of Idag J*maa, who, in hi* Bewle* and Cmitelia, publiAed in 1&83, quotaa aoaae of the poem* of the aubject of thi* memoir. Hia lerrioaa weta acknowledged by a pendon of fire hundred m^c*, chargeable npon certain i«nt( of the arcb- biihopric of Glatgow, which waa mnSrmed in 1 583, and ^ain in 1£89. Vari- ou* place* throughout Scotland are pointed out by tntdition, a* hating bean the reeidenoe of Mootgomery, particularly the ruin* of Comp*ton Caitla, nau' Kirkcudbright, now iDvolred In the pleaaure grooadi connected with tlM modem maniion of Mr M^tland of Dundrennan. In I5M, the poet oommenoed a tour of ths GontinenL After hi* return, be wa* inTolred in a tedioua and rez»- tiou* lawiuit ra*pecting hi* penaion, whidi ha* drawn Tram him aome aareaa remark* upon the lawyer* and judge* of that time. Of hi* principal poem, ' ' Hm Cherry and the Slae," the fint known edition wa* printed by Robert Vnlda- giare, in IQ07. Tlie poet appear*, from a yimagt in a memoir of Hare of Bowallan,' hia nephew, to ban died between thi* data and 1611.
" The poem* of Montgomery," lay* Dr Irring, " display an elogaat and lively fancy ; and hii reniRcation ii often diitinguiabed by a degree of baiv mony, which nuMt of hi* contenipwariea were incapable of attaining. He km attempted a great Toriety of auhjecta, a* well aa of meaauiea, but hia diief bean- tie* aeem to be of the lyric kind. It ia highly probaUe that hit tute waa formed by the (tudy of the Italian poeta : he ha* left many a<Hinata eoeatNet*4 on the regular model, and hi* quaint conceitt aeem not unftefnemly to beiiay their Italian origin. The aubject of lore, which haa aflbrded ao ferlila a theme to the 3^1* of every age and nation, haa fumithed Montgomery with the meat
CMomon and farourite topic for tiie exerdae of hi* talent*. Hia
moat aerioua ellbrt ia, ' The Cherry and the Slae,' a poem of coaaidenbla length,
and certainly of vary contiderable Ingenuity. Tlie iawea ■>•
1 L3le'i Bahfb, Lotidar*, 1SS7.
MOOR. 85
Katterad enn widi prnfatjon ; and ilnMM erMy atania ditphya the riracitr of ttie BUtfaor*! adnd. In thit, u mil u In hii other prDductiom, Siontgcaaer/i fthnlntioiii nra T«ry AwqumlJy uid jtrj happily drawn ttwa the noit ramiliar (dtjeoto ; and he ofttm sppliw prorerbial expnmioat, In a Tery pointed and
fUtting manner. Tha g^niriB* axplanatlon of the allegnry may
perhapa b*, that rirtua, tboagh of vary haid nttsinment, ougfal (o b« pnfaired 10 rioa : Tirtue ii TvprMflntad by the cherry, a nftethinf frolt, frowlny upon a tall tn«, and that traa rfa^ Grom a fomidaUe precipiee ; Ties ii r«pr«aentad . by the iloe, e fitiit which nay eodly ha pluckad, bat it bitter to the latt^"
" IW Gharry end tha BIsa" hu l<M^r retainad popularity than any other poatlod ooiapotition of tha raign of Jamai VI. It contiouad to ba oceaaionally printw), ftr poptdar uae, till a raoant period ; and in 1893, thia, ni well ai tha other poelieal wacki of Hootgonary, appaarad in a very handMmie ediaon, under tha laperiiilendaiioa of Mr Oarid Ltang, Dr Trring ecmlribtilad to the publication a bioyraphiori prafto^ from iMeh «re htre chMy darired the pr«- ■enl memoir,
MDOB, Jixa, LUDl, an eminent Greek acfaolar, wai tha ton of Mr Ro- bert Hulr, achoolmaBler in Glaagow ; a panon of conildaiable learning, and »f ■ueh nnw^ariad indoitary, that, heii^ too po<k to punUuaa Nswton'i Prinoipia, ba copied Aa whtda iMalc with hii own hand. Tha nibjaot of Ihit notiee en- Uiad the inritariitr «f Olatgow in ITSK, a»d diitinguiahed hiaNdf by great indiMry and o^iadty aa a atadant. Afta* finUnng Wt acadendcal coum, and taMi^ tha d^iaa of U A., widi ennaidMrabb apflvua, ha t«^ a wdwol far toma lima in Glaigaw. Thia dtnatioii ha aaan* b» han abandoMd, in order to b««MH tMler ta Ifaa aarla of Selkirk and Emri, in which capadty Im trarelled abnad. Ha waa aftarwarda in the family of tha earl of Kilawnock ; and on tha burning of Dean Caalla, irttlch took place in hit abtanee, lotl a ooaaiderabla atoek nf boaht, whkh be Iwd em|day«d hiaMtlf in calleoLig for hii own we. Witboot the knowledge of tha earl. Moat ioatinetad lord Boyd in lireek, to that the yonng nobleBan waa able to MDpjae hit fiwhai one day by reading, at hta tntor't detire, ase of tha odea of AnaorMHb In 1749, he rnt appointed Hhrariaa to the tiniveinty of Glaigow ; and in Jaly, 17M, became profettor of Greek in the tame InttitutiMt, tha aari of Selkirk adrancing him ^eeOO, in order lo pordmaa tiw laaignaliaB ot the praeeding ineumbaaL On the con> daauMtion of hit patron, Aa aari (rf Kilmaraadc, tor hit eonaam in Uie intur- laolion of 1T4C, Hoor, who waaof t^pnita politim, niada a jmimay toLondMi, for tha purpoM at making intereit with the miniiten for hii lardifaip'i pardon ; an aDla^Mrita hatrauiabla to Wt faallngi, howerm unaucoemftiL
Moor waa a atafat profaator, a»dy batidta faia academical dutlei, Muforrad tome banafila on the Uteravy world hy hia pubUcationt. In company with pn»- iaiaor Hanhtad, ha aupannlandad, rt the reqnaal of the unirenlty, a very ifrfaMUd aditioB of Hemar, puUkhad by tha Foulitat of Gla^^ow. Ha alao edited their Hevadolat, and wai of aarrice in ie*etal of dteb oUwr publicatioaa. Sanw eamyi, sead by Urn bafare the Ularary Society [of GUtgow], of which ha wat a coMlkuent aaentber, ware oolleclad and publithed, in 6fo, in 1769. In 1766, he puhliriwd " A Vindication of Vi^il Eron the diarge <d Fnenlity, ini. putad to him by Dr Feaica," 12»o> Hit pnocipal worit, bow«Tar, waa bit Grammar of the Gtaak L«ngiwge, lAich haa flTer lince bean vary eKtantiraly uted in lofaoolK Ho ccUetied a lai^ and valoabla libmry, and lalected a cabinet of medali, which the nnJTeruty afterwardt purchaetd. In 1761, he wai appoimad nca.f«ctar of the coUaga, by the earl of Errol, the lord rector, who, under tha doilgnatioa of lord Boyd, had formerly been hit pupii In 1703, ha nn^ied to the umTertity for the dagraa af Doetar of I«wi, which nat granted
C.DOgIc
3d MOORE.
tohim, in contidentioii of hit tilanUandierrioM. Di Hoor fm RMict«d to th« cultiiatiDD of liglit liuntuK, and itted to ftmuM taiaw«lf and hii fiiandt, bj writiog v«nM in tbe Hudlbrattic toIil He rsaigiwd hi* duir ia 1774, on ao- eouDt of bad health, aad dlad od the 17th of September, 1779.
MOORE, (Dr) Joan, a oelebnted niter of the Iwt cbdWij, ml born in Stirling, in tbe yew 1730. Hit father, tbe reMMnd Chwlei Hoove, mi ■ dergrraan of the Scotliih epiMopal diurd), lettled at Stiriinf. Hii mother «aa the diuighter of John Andenon, Geq. of Dowbill, ueai OUigow.
On the death of hia &ther, whidi took place in I7SS, hii ina4her reoMmd irith her family to Glaigow, where a null ptoperty had been left ber by her father. Harlng here gone through the iitual coutm of grammar-idiool ediK»- tion, young Moore wni matriculated at the unirenity, and attended the nvioui daiMi neeecnry to quBlify him for the profeeuon of roedidoe, for whidi he vm early intended. At a more adrancsd itage of hit rtudiei he ifw placed under the care of Dr Giwdon, an eminent practitioner of that day ; and wUto under hii tuition attended the lecturei of Dr Hamilton, then snatomical demoii- ■trator, and thoie of tbe celebrated Dr Cullen, at that time profemor of medicine at Glaigow.
In 1747, Mr Moore, deiiroua of adding to tbe prof^ional knowledge wbidi he had already acquired, by riiiting a new and wider field of experience, pnv ceeded to the continent, under the protection of the duke of Argyle, to wbos he had procured an introduction. The duke, then a cmnmoner, waa lieutenant' colonel of a ragiment ot foot, and wai about to emfaarit for Flanderi to tan* under the duke of Cumberland, iriio wai there in command of the alliod army. On arriTlng at Maeitricht, he attended die military boipitali there, in the eapadty of mate, and found abundance of practice , ai tbeee receptadee irei« filled with toldien, wounded at tlie battle of lAfToldt, whidi had juat bees fougbL in contequence of a mcommendation which he wion after obtaiB«d from Hr Htddleton, dtrector^eneral of tbe military ho^itali, to the earl of Albemarle, Mr Moore removed to Fluahing, where he again attended the nuli- lary hoipitali. From Ihit duty, however, he waa almost immediately called to the s«aiitance of the nirgeon of the Colditieam foot guardi, of which regiment hit new patron, the earl of Albemarle, wai colonri. With thia corpa, Mr Moore, afWr paning the autumn of 1747 in Flushing, remored to Breda, where he ipent the winter in garriion. In tbe eummer of the following year, a peace haring been in the mean time concluded, he returned to ^tgland wllh general Braddodc.
Although thua fairiy on the wn^d, and in poneNlon of very conudenble ex. perienoe In hit proftnion, Mr Moore wai yet only !n the MTenteenth year of hia age^ Alter remaining lome time in London, during which he attended the anatomical lecturei of hia celebrated countryman, Dr Hunter, he went to I'arii, to acquire what knowledge might be affiirded by an attendance on ths hoapital and medical lecture* of that dty, then rsdconed the heat achool in Europe. Fortunately for Mr Moore, hii early patron, the earl of Albemarle, wBi at thia time residing in Paris, as ambaHador Irom the court of Great Britain. Mr Moore loit no time in waiting upon hi* excellency, who, havii^ alwayi entertained tbe highest opinion of his merits, immediately appwnted him surgeon to hia household. He had thus an opporbiuity afforded him of enjoying tbe fint aodely in Paris, being at all Umee a welcome gueet at the table of the ambassador.
After residing nearly two yean in the French coital, Hr Moore waa inrlled hy his Gnt master, Dr Gordon, to return to Glasgow, and to enter into partnership with him in hi* buaineia. With thia invitation be thought it ad-
MOOBE. 37
Tii^ils to comply, and mkid alter left Fwk. Ha Mtomed, boiwnr, by the way oT London, wbm ha Mmained a faw moatlH fw th« purpow of Btteuding anotlMT come of Dr Hunter'a lactura*, togalbn- with thoaa of Dr Smallio on nidwifeiy. Fiom London b« proceadad to GlMgow, when tha propoaed con- nexion with Ih GwdoD immediately took pUea. Thii couiMzloa contimnd foi two yean. At tba and of that period, hii partnar haring receired a diploma, confined himtelf aidely to tba practice of phyaic, while Mr Moore continued the buaineM of ■ Mnfeon, atMamivg now H hii partner, Mr Hamilton, profeifor itf anatomy, Initaad of Dr Gordon, who bad naecarily, froin the change in hia practice, withdrawn from the concern.
In 1T69, a drcunHtance oocuired whltdi totally altered Dr Moored proqiecU in life, and opened up other* roore ctt^ania], tibeie b arery reaioo to bdfaTe, than tboia to which hi* profeuimi confined him. In the year jiut named, ha wai called upon to attend Jamaa Gem^, duke of -Hamilton, who, then bat in the lburte«nth year of hia age, waa aftcted with a couumptiTe diiordar, of wbkh, after a lingering illneaa, he died. Dr Moore'i oailduity In thia oue, al- though unarailing a« to the inue, lad to a does connexion with tha noble family of hii late patient. In the fallowing year, baring praTiooaly obtained a diploma a* doctor of medicine from the univMvity irf Ulaagow, be waa en- gaged by tba ducheat of Argyla to attend her ion, the late duke of Hamilton, at B companion during hi* trareli. The duke, who woi at thi* time about fonrleen or Gflaen yean of age, waa, like hi* brother, slao of a (ickly oon- ititution, and in Dr Moore wbi found exactly lucb a panon ai wai Gtte*t to at- tend him ; one who combined a knowledge of medicine with kmoo experience of continental travel, and an enlightened mind. The young duke and hia com- panion renained abroad for Stc year*, during whidi they Tiiited Ftnaoo, Ilaly, SwitMrUnd, and Germany.
On hi* return from tha continent, which wa« in the year 1T7S, Dr Hoon remond with hia family from Glaigow to London, and in tba year fallowing, 1779, publiibed hi* celebrated woik, entitled, " A View of Sodaty and Man- ner* in Prance, Switierland, and Gennany." Thia work wu ao well receired, that it attained a aerenth edition in lea* than ten yeara, beiide* the Iriah edition*, and Prendh, German, and Italian tranalationi. Two yean afterward*, ha publUbed a continuation <rf' the aame worii, entitled, " A View of Sodaty and Manner* in Italy." Ihiring thI* period, howoTer, hi* medical piactioe wa* by no mean* extenaiTa ; a drcumatance whidi ha* been attributed, not to any ditioclination on the part of the public, with whom he wa* to popular aa an au- thor, to patroniie him, but to hi* own reluctance to engage in the drudgery en- tailed on a general practice. The rambling and unfettered lift which he had led npon the continent had. In a great degree, unfitted him ftv the laboriout routine of proftadonal duly, and hi* reluctMKo agun to inrolre hinualf in it appear* to have adhered to him throughout tha whole <rf hia after life, and greatly marred hi* proaperity in the world.
In 1785, he publiihed hia " Medical SkettJre* ;" a woric wMdi aufficiently abowed that hia limited practice did not proceed from any deficiency of know- ledge in hi* prirfeetion. It waa received with much farour by the public, al- thou^ it I* aaid to hare given offiioce to tome of the medical gentlemen of the time, who thought their interaat likely to mifftr by the diidoaure* which it made of what had hitherto been conddered amongit the lecret* of the pro-
Dr Hoore'f next publication wa* hi* oelehrated novel, " Zeluco," a work un- queationably of the very h^haat order of merit, and which ba* long *inc« become one of die fixed and component parti of every Biitiih library.
J
In Uw AogBt of 1798, ha wtnt to Pirk, to witiMM with Um own ayM tb* menonblB prooaadinfi whidi wan Umh in pcqgtaM in the Frendi ea^tal, mad which othen ints content to laarn (row repotl Dr Mocre, on Uiii o» «Mion, frofinotly Bltonded tbe National Aaenbly. Ha wat prsaant klao at Um attadt on Iha TuiUatiai, and witnoaiad nan; othar nnguiaary didi^ of llwt IHfhtfid paiiod. On bia return to Ekiglaud, ho began to onangv lh« •Mtariala «ithiiU«h hia JMuney bad aujp^ied Um, and in 1T9S, pi^lidwd " A Via* of tba Oanasa and Progiaa af tha Frcnoh Beralutioii,'' in two volwaca Svok, dadieated to tha dulu of DtrooMM. Xhii work wu followed, in 1796, by " Edward : VarioM View* of Human Nabwa, ttkan from Life and Han- nan, ddadf ia England;'! and Ihia again, in 1800, b; " Hordaunt, being Skatcha* of Uft, Chaiactini and nbiinais.in nrioaa oountriai; including tba Memolvg of a French Lady of Quality," in two nduniaa Sro. These werim ■caioaly lupportad the repotation wfait^ Uieir author had praTloutly acquired : in the latter he ii auppoMd, in detailing aeme gallant faati of a yomg Britiah oScer, to allude to hia heroic ton, Ad lato general JHoore, who waa than a fleU-officer.
Dt MoovB luB the mwit of baring been one of tha Bnt men at note who ap- prwciatad and notioad the talauti of Bunu, wlw draw up, and forwarded to him, at Ul raqiitat, a dietab of hie lift, Thii war fidlowed by a oonaipaiidenca iu 1787, which ia to be found in thoaa aditioM of die ppat-'a woriu, which include hiaLattan.
At the time of tba publication of bia la|t wwk, " Uordaunt," Dr Moore had attainad the 70th year of hia age. He did notagain appear beforc tha public, but ipent the ihort naiaining period pf hit life in the quiet aedution of hia randenee at BisluDand, Id Burlrey. After. an lUoew of ctHWiderahle duration, be died at bit houae in Clifford Street, Londiui, Febnury.Sa, 1608,.
" A« an authtt," layi a dbtitiguiihed modem HTiter,' " Dt Uooie waa mare dirtinguUhed by the ranga <d bia Information, than by Iti sccmacy, or extent upoM any particular luhject ; and hia writing* did not owe their <»lebrity to any gnat depth or eTon originality of iboivbt Aa a noTolirt, ha tbowed no ex- traardiaaryWidty in the department of inTention; no gMst power* of diTsni- lyii^ hia diaracteia, or eaae la conducting hi* namtiTe. The niain quality of bii Nodci 1* that particular tpede* of aardonic wit, with which they are indeed peffaapa profuaaly tuctured, but which trequently conlon -a grace and poignency on the general itiain of good aenae and judidou* idManalian, that parradai the whole of theuk'*
Di Hoore left fite MWa, and one daughter, by hii wife, preriouily Mi** Sim- ton, dai^hter of the raTOrend Mr fiimaon, pt«fe*ior of dirinity in the uairer- aity of Glaagow. The eldeu of the former, Jrim , became the celabtBtad military general already alluded to ; tba leaoad adopted hi* father'* profamion ; the Ihhrd entered the nary ; tbe fourth wa* admitted into Iha ilepartment ol the *e«*tary of (tato ; and the fifth wa* bred to the bar.
MOOBE, (Sn) Jmc, ■ dlttingtiiihed military commander, wa* born at Gitigow. 01) tbe 13tb of Nemnber, 176 U He wa* the eldaat *(mi of Dr John Moore, the ■ubjeet Dt the preceding article, by a daughter of Ji^n Sinuon, profemoT of dirinity In tha uniratdty of Glaigow. Hi* education cnumenced at a public •chad in Glaagow, and, anerwardi adiaaced at the unirertity of that dty, wa* completed under tbe eye of hi* fathei, then acting a* tnTdllug tutor to the duka of Hamilton. The wibjed of thi* memoir accompanied Dr Moore during 6re yeara of continental travel, by which nraiuii be acquired a knowledge of
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MOORE. 29
miwt Europwt langnagta, and & dfl|rT«« of poUth and InteDtfenoe nry nnoom. inOD In jaang men of bit nnk, •itber in tint or Itw proMnt •§•. Hiring choMQ the army a* a piofcHlon, be obtained, througti Um Hauilton InttiMt, r comniiirion ai einign In lb« Silt regimant, whlcti Im jfrinad at Minorca in 1776, being then only fiftean yeui of age. A Ueatenancy in tha SSnd regi- ment wat Hi fiittitap of promotion; anil heeeema to have held that ttatioii, with' out mutA dittinctton or any cemure, during tbe Mraral campaifm nf the AiaerU can war, at the end of whliA, in 1783, hii regiment nai reduced. In ITBS, Iia naa appointed nujoi in the 6(hh; but thli be ioon exdiangwl for a dmllar poit in bii original r^ment, Uie Silt: In 1790, he pvduaed a liautenant- ctdonalcjr in the nme reginunt
Bueh wii the ntnlc of Sir John Moore at tbe conuMncemanl of the Frendi rerolutionary war. From Gibraltar, where he wu then itationed, he ma ordered, in 1794, to accompany the expedition f(« tbe reduction of Conico. llie brarary and (kill whldi he diiplayed on thia occasion, eapadally In itonniiig die Mo- aeUo fort, where he receivad hit fitit wound, tntnduced him to tlte fanxmUa notice of general CharlM Stuart, whom be lucineded toon after in the -character of adJDlant-general. Returning to England in 1796, he Wat rtlaed to the ranli of brlgadle^^neial, and appointed to aerre with Sir Baiph Abarcromby, in the expedition agaimt the Wait Indiei. There he aMirted in the reduction of Demerara, E«equebo, and Berbtoe, and aftemrda in that of 8t Locie ; in which latt entarpriie, ha had an important poet tHigtied to him, tbe duliet of which ha executed in tuch a manner, that he wai characterized by general Abercromby at " tbe admiration of tbe whole army," and aflenrardi Intruited with the government of the itiand. Tbii charge, undertaken with reluctance, and ren> dered full of danger and labour from the hoatiKty of the natltei, and the numlwr of Maroon negroei who comtantly infeited the country, wai managed with a dediion and actirity tliat orercame erery obttade.
Two MicceiilTe atlackt of the yellow fever, loon compelled general Moore to Ittftre the Weat Indiei; but. In company with Sir Balph Abertfomby, be wni daitined to reach yet higher diatindion. The flnt i«ne in which they again acted t<^tbar, wat the Iriih rebellion of 179B. The rictory gained orer lite lebeb at Wexford, nslnly owing to tbe talenta of general Moore, wat the pre- lude to the luppretaion ol that luckliM morement of an irritated pe<^e. Thil field of exertion wai not that in which a aoldter of good Aelingi can be aoxlrau to gdn diitinctlon ; nor wai there mudi M»pe for military talent In tha enter- prlMh It il, therefore, highly creditable to general Mowe, that he acquitted hinuelf of all the dutiet intruited U> liim on the occadon, With unlrerlal appro-
In 1799, tbe nbject of our memoir, promoted to the rank of major-gene- ra), lerred nnder Sir Halph Abercromby In the unfortunate expedittan to the Helder, where he diiplayed hii wonted brarary, and wa* ilightly wounded. In the lubtequent campaign in Egypt, tmder Uie lame commander, be found a wider and more fevmirsble theatre for the diiptay of hit mlUlary taluili. In the land- ing at Aboulcir, he led the way, and carried by anauk the batteriet with whidi the French endeavoured to prerent that morement. In the nibeequant batde of Abotdcir, March SI, 1801, be conducted hlnnelf with ilgnal gallantly, and wai ' tererely wounded.
At the end of ttie campaign, be letumed to England, and received the honour of knighthood, with tbe order of tbe Bath. For lome time after thU, be held an important command in Kent, and afierwardt (ucceeded general Fox in the command of the army in Sidly, whence he wat recalled in the end of the year 1807. In the month of May, 1808, he wai lent to the Baltic, with an arma-
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1 rf Sir Hmtt Bvn>d,U FWbigial, u • gif* th* aMI af Wi IbIi ti lo th* « ib* Mi^Mc* tf IW SpnM
Sir JiikD did Bot nrin u Foi^J tiD aOar Ifc* B^iag rf tke PMPMKaa «f Ci^, and ihM <M>p«d aD |pstid|atMa in Aa uii^ afeMk «•■ attnliil lo Ihat baaBctita. DiqeiBted wilk tba mmmmm i« wfckh dw afiun of Pntngal «w» coDdacted, ffir Artfaar WeOaifey, mw dAa rf WaUi^toa, apfUed lar kai« of >bMnt^ wbicli aai grairtad. iiir U*« T^lijW|li waa latallad, aad Sir
"' J "• "i ' t I'i r.""i riihii 'I ^liin iiii^aaiUi ia I'iliriif
Iha anjL Id tUi mafia it ba «m fwMaUf oafinad by a ktUr fri» lai4 CaMkraa^, dated SeptaaUr £5, 180S, wUek infbnMd Um, tIM m an; andar Ua ordao, otaotitm than lUitj-6*« tkoaoad mb. Era tko^ud nt thwai eafaby, aiaa to ba tmfhtjtd U tta DOrtli ^ Bgnm, ftr wiirtiny Aa Spui- iah gtimuwaiit. Fiftsen tbo^ud boopa, H waa Matad. wan ts fca Mot t* joiahinbyOomTof CoaiMBa; ud ba Ma to waka i awi <iali pwponUioBa for canyiag dw ^u ibIa aAet, it b«ng Mt to hia awn jadgoaot lo naich for «NM poiat ia Galkia, v on As bordan «f I«od, by bad ; or to trutport hia tracft by •••, froB UAoa lo Catnnaa, wbither Iba la^nfiKnaanb for bia amy wwa to ba wnL Sir Jofan Hoora UH mo tiaw in urtariag apon tba dittiaa af hi* ia^artant <^aig«, Ibaagh ba aaoMa to hn« dona ao Mdar a aaluitely fonbodiiV NBriaody wamntad by die aiaanUa onaditian of hi* anay, of what would b« tba reault. " At Utia inAat," te aaj^ wrftiag to kad Cudla- raagfa on tho reoaipt of Ui coauaianan, " Iha army u without afuipoMatt of may kind, eithar for Iha ewriaga of tha light baggaga of r^iMeati, aulitary itoM, nonMtlMariat itOTM, or olhar ^pendagaa of am anny, and not a nagauna ii foimod ID any of tba routaa (for ha had dotamiinad on thaaxpodilioa by land) by ^lidi we are lo march." By a aubaequent letter, writtao ten day* aAar the *l>on, we find that the anny waa alto id a great ateaMim dartitute of money, and, amongrt other DOcaiBriea, particularly in want of iboae. On the S7th of October, ha left Liibao, the greater part of the army being alnady on the rcKile for Burgoe, which bad been amigoed by the Spanuh goreniDent ai the point where the Brilith forcai were to ba concentrated ; Madrid and Valladidid wen tha place* ippoiDtod for nwgaaDe* : and Sic John Moore wai officially in-
MOORtL 31
foniMd, tlttt he would And lizty or Mreoty thMUuid mtn, aasidUsd andar Blaka uid Bonuuia, in tb« Aituiioi ind Gftlida, mij to *ct alonf with him. ThMfl wtt« iUted to be independent of the ■rmiee in the front and on the left flank of the FVench potition ; tlM Utter of which, under the command of the marquii De Cattano*, wu luppoMd to be numenHM, and well appoiolad. The enthiuiaim of the SpeDiordi in defence of their notional iDdepeodence, wai sleo ■taled lo tie Midi, that it would be utterly impmible for a FVench army to enter the defilei of tba AaUuiai, without being cut ofTby the armed peiaanU alone.
All thcte flattering repieientatioiu the Britidi general toon found to be ut- terly de*titut« of fiHudatioa. In marching through Portugal, he ww hardly treated with cirllily, and ererylhing fiinittbad to him hy the audiwUiw wat charged at a high price. Specie, in Britain, wh at the time not to be ob- taioed, and not only goremment bill*, but even pramiHory notea, were nfuted, which wbjected the army to great inconrenience, and much extra axpeme. The ignorance, too, of the Pivtugueae, wh m extreme, that the itaie of the road* could not JM BMertained, but by tending Britiah officen, Mage by (tage, a-head of the adTancing columns With all tbeae diaadrantagei, howerer, the general and a part of the army reached Almeida on the 6th of Noremtter. Tbe weather waa exceedingly rainy, but the troop* mored on, and hitherto had conducted themielTe* with a propriety and moderation which aurpriaed the iik hebitanta. Here, howejer, it wai found that lonie loldien had committed ur- erol eerioue criowi, and it being judged necenary that a lignal example ehonld be made to pterent their recurrence, one of the mott nolorioua <^nden nat put to death. The general orden on thia occuioo, we by before tbe reader, ai illuitiatiTe of the highly dignified and amiable diaracter of Sir John Moorei
" Nothing could be more pleaiing to the commander of the force), than to •bow mercy to a aoldier of good cfaaiacter, who had been led inadreitently to commit a crime ; but he ihould coniider himielf neglectful of hii duty, if, from ill-judged lenity, he pardoned deliberate nllany.
" The crime committed by the prieoner now under lentence, ii of thii nature; tind there i* nothing in hia prirate character or conduct, which could giro the leait hope of hia amendnient, were he pardoned. He muat, therefore, luAer the awful puniahment to which ha hai been condemned. The commander of tbe fbrcea tniitt that tbe troop* he command*, will *eldom oblige him to reiort to puni*hmanl* of thii kind ; and luch i* hi* opinion of BriUdi (oldieri, thai ha ia coQTinced they will not, if the officer* do their duty, and pay tbem proper aUention. He, however, take* thii opportunity to declare to the army, that lie I* determined to (how no metcy to plunderer* and maraudgri, or, in other worda, to thievea and rillainib The army i* *ent by England to aid and auppoct tbe Spaniah nation, not to plunder and rob ila inbabitanta ; and aoldien, who *o far foiget what i* due to their own honour, and tbe honour of their country, la to commit nich acta, ahall be dellTered orer to juatioa. Tbe military law muit take it* courte, and the puniahment it award* aholl be inflicted."
On the 11th of November, the advancad guard croeaed a rivulet, which divide* Portugal from Spain, and marched to Ciudad Hodrigo, tlie governor of which mat tb* Briti*h general two milea from tbe dty. A aalute wsi fired from the lampart*, and die general waa afterward* hoapitably entertained iu the principal home in the town. The atate of'the country, and the manner* of the people, tbey found here to be remarkably changed, and the change highly to the ad- vantage of Spain. At Godad Hodrigo tbey were received by tbe people with about* of " Viva loa Ingleaaa" On the I3th, Sir John Mocere arrived at Saln- manca, where be halted to coooantrete hit force* ; Burgo*, the place appointed for that purpoae, being already occupied by the F^ndk On hi* arrival at
33 MOORE.
8alaiaan«n, Sir Jobn Moon adilmMed a loi^ fetter to loid WilUam Bwilinok, s fe« extract! fnwi which will put the reader in poMMriaa of tbe kaowledg* of Sir Jofaii'ifealiDgiMid TietM, and of the atala of the ea«M«r;«tihi« period. "I un lony to u;," he wHte*, " froa Sir Ihirid Bainl I bear aattu^ \Mt omm- pbiiiti of the JuBta of (knuima, wiio oAnd hin no M*b*UM)e> They ptnwila •rery thii^, but giTO nothinf ; sjid, aftar walti^ day aflar day for caife which thay bad proniiHd to procuia for tba cartwga of (toraa. Ma loiniiilMai j me at L-uL oUigsd to oontnct for them at an exorbitant prioo, «>d then got Umm. ru* la really a tort of eonduot yiile Intaknhle to taoopa that the Spaniih gotemmaat have tdcA for, and fv nhoM advance they are daily jmmag. — Ud my airiia) here, aadleUinfedooel Oliwakr that 1 wiriMd to ban awppUei iiamediately pronded en A* voad from Aetorfa to thia place, f«r Aa inardi tt the troope from Conua*, he began by tolUn|r ma, that a power vMth ho AmaM hen got, and whidi it «aa preeiiaed dMold he aent after hin from Hadrid, had aot bean Nat ; that be bad thua no aUhority, and had hitherto been Bcdng opon hu own credit, &c I nin orer all thii to you, tboogfa peilapa it iImuM properly be addrewed to Hr Fiere, hut to you 1 can atate it with m«ee eaao ; and I ihaU thank you to ^oak to FVan upon it, lAen I hope he will haTe eo»a Mrioui oommuniculion with the Spnniih mlnirteiB, and plainly tell them, if tkey axpett the adTonce of the Britiih army, they miNt pay aomeirtiat mMS attentioa (u ill want*. Proper offioan muat he aent to me, vaated witli Ml powem to call tbnh the reaoureea (rf the cowttry when they aro waatod, and without delay, the «me aa ii done, I pioKUM, for tha Speoiah aimiaa. We thall pey, but Ih^ ai« not to allow ua to bo impoaod upon, but to tell ua what ia paid by Aa Spanish geremment in nidi neea. Wa find no diRionlty with the poople ; thoy iwcwto ua eterywbaia well, but the autkoritief are backward, and not like tbnae of a ceuntoy who wiah our aariManco. With reject to m^annea, it ii impoan- Ue for me to aay where they ouffat to bo nodaw With reject to thoaa at Madrid, it ii very likely to be a pi^er place fw Spain to collect a oonaidaiBbla depot tnT mrioui kinda. It ia their capital, and they know beatj but it 4ee« not ■earn to om to bo a plaoe when die Britiah could be called upon to make any onlleotion. We Aall eatabliah mall maga^nea, for ooBaumption, in tha nvgb. hourhood where w« are acting: Theae gnat roMmreta whidi a ocnntry makaa W genanl (upply, ahould ba made by Spain, that whM we approach th«n, wo nay draw from them, and pay for iriiat waget: bvt Spain ibould malM diem, and be at tiie Mpenae and trouble of their omaemtion. At 1 beliere we are ginq; maoey to Spain, part of it may be applied by them in Ihi* manner ; but it ia they that ■bould do It, not we. I baie no objection to you or Mr Frere repreeenting the neceanty of aa nuny more Britiah troofia, aa you think proper. It ia euiain that die agenii whidi our gOTWnment hare hittieno employed, haTs deeeivod them ; for alftln here are by no meana in the Aourithinf atato they an ro. preaented and be1ie*ed to be in Ei^aad, and the loooer the tnUh fa knowD there, the better. But you muat obearra, my lord, that whatever ia- critical, muat now be decided by the troopa which are here, The Frandi, 1 luapoct, are ready, aad will not waiL I <Ufl*er with you in one point, — when you aay the chief and great obatade and reaUtance to the French, will ba aAbrded by the Etigliah atmy t if thU be ao, Spain ii kiat. Tba Ei^iidi amy, 1 hope, will do all whidi nan be expected from their numban; but the mfoty ttf Spain dependa upon the union of iti Inhabitant*, their enthuaiaam in their ceaae, and thoir firm detennination to die rather than submit to the Fnadi. Nothing abort of thia, will onable them to reriit tho formiUile attack about to bo made npen them. If they will adhere, our aid can ba of th« greateat uae to them ; b«t if no^ w* •hall aa<m be out-numbered, wen our force quaihvplad. I am, Iharafora, much
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wan ankitmi to m« axtttioD uid Wiewgy in Ibe goramnient, and enthiHiHin in tbeir arnuM, than to luiTa my f«roe sugnMoted. Tha monMnt it ft cntical on*, — iny own liuution U peculiulyio, — I hiie ii«T«Tn«n it otharwlM; but 1 ban puibed into Spain at all baEarda, Thii mw tba ovder of my goren^wnt, and it ita« th« will of Uw pMpIs of England, I afaalt endeanKii to do ray bMt, hoping that all die bod that may happon, will not happon, but lliat with a ihara of bad, we ihall also hai« a poitian of good fortune."
The detpondency ben eipreaied by ths ganeial wu not Istwned by the in- formation he receired in two dayi afterwardi, that the French wore not only in poMeuion of Burgot, but alio of Vallftdolid, within twoaly leaguea of Saltnuwi ca, when he now by with only tlu«« brigadM of in&ntry, and without a lingla gun ; and, though the lemainder of hit army waa coming up ai bat aa pouible, he waa aware that the whole could not arriTe in lew than ten day*. Initoad of tha Spaniih army of HTenty tbou^^d man that waa to baTs.jiHned him here, there waa not lo much u a lingle Sponith piquet to corer hit front, or to act w guide* in the country, of erery portion of which the Britiih army, both of- ficer! and men, were perfectly igntnant. Sir John Moore immediately commun- icated the Intelligence to tba Junta of Salamanca ; telling then tluit ha muit have the ute of all the carl* and mul«a in the country to tramptnt hi* magazine* to Ciudod Rodrigo ihould it become requiiito, and that the troop* with three day*' proritiont diould be kept in raodineM ; but he added, that at he had not yet itopped the adiance of the reit of the army firom Portugal, he wat detiroui of BHembling it theie, and would not retire without an ab«oIuto ueceHity. All thit wat littooed to with calm acquiaacence. Tha general in the mean time found, that though a patrol of hone had neared ValladoUd, none of the French infantry had yet paited Burgo*, and he gave orden to geqeral* Eaird and Hope, to adTance upon Salamanca wth all ipeed, but to be upon their guBid on thejmarch. The junta of Ciudad Rodrigo about thit tine or- dered twenty thouaand doUan lo be placed at hi* di*pa*al, and a letter from lord Coatlereagh brought him intelligence that two milliont of dollan had been detpatcbed fw him on the 3nd of tfae month, and were already on the way to Coiunna. Hi* lordihip at the lame time told him, tliat Uie ccarcity of money in England wa* tudi, that he mutt not look for any further lupply for aome montht, and recommended it to him to procure a* much money on the ipot a* pOMible. Encouraged to ftr by Iheie adrioei. Sir John Moore continued to concentrate hi* forcet at Salamanca, though upon what principle doe* not ap- pear; for he leemt to hare been filled with the mott ditmal anticipation*. " Erery efTort," he layt, writing to lord Caillereagh on the 94th of November, " ihall be exerted on my part, and that of the officen with me, to unite tha army ; but your lordihip muit be prepared to hear that we hare failed ; for, situated 01 wa are, tuccen cannot be commanded by any e/Tort* wa can make, if the anemy are prepared to oppose ut." To add to all fait other groundt of de- tpondency, be coniidered Portugal ai utterly indefeniible by any force England could land thither. " If the French iucceed in Spain, it will be in rain," he cayi, in another letter to lord Caitlereagh, " to attempt to retiit them in Portugal. The Portugueie are without a military force, and iiom the experience of their conduct under Sir Arthur Welletley, no dependence i* to be placed on any aid Ibey can glTB. The Britiih mutt in tliat erent, I conceiTa, Immediately take itepi to eracuato the country. Litbon it the only port, and therefore tha only place whence the army with iti itorei can embark. EIthi and Almeida are the only fortreNei on the frontlera. The lint ii, 1 am told, a reipectable work. Al- meida it defectire, and could not hold out beyond ten dayi againit a regular attack, I have wrdered a depot of proritiont fori abort c
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farmed Ihwa. In c«M lUi trmj ibouM be oUIg*d la &I1 badi ; pariuip* tiM KBM ihould b« doM at Hth. Id tUs tarn, «• might ohMli th* pn^nm of the CMmj wfailrt the rtoni wen MilMrking, and amngaBaBk ««t« mada fbr laJdDf offtbaara;. Bayoodthii, dwdafeDO»(rfIJib<«,or ofPcttiigil, Aould not ba thoogbt o£."
Ite Mwi (tf Cartanoa b«i% dafaatad having madMd hiM en tba 98tb of Neramber, b* datwmlnad to &U badt npon Fertngil, and aant orden for ganenl Hope to join bim by ibrcad mardtaa, ud for 8b Darid Baird to ra- traat npon Canmna ; da^nf tba latter, bomtw, to acnd badk bii Ama^ and kaapbi«d««ign,aDd Ibafitet ^ hit retreat, ■■ modi oat <tf riaw aipomlble. Ha wrote to lord CaitlereBgh <hi Um 39th, thai ba bad w dooa, and raqncatiiy Omt tnnapoiti m^ht be tent to Dm Tagut to receive the mopi, aa be «aa iUU of o^nloD that Foilugal ma not d^naibla by a Britidi army. On tba Sth of December, ba wrate sgua to hi* lordahip, thai the junction of general Hop« had been leOBed, and that Bonaparte had diractad Ma whole forea npoa Madrid, ia coaaequence of vrUdi be hoped to r««di Portugal lUHioleitad. Tba idea of a catieat, howarer, waa exoaadingly ^aagraeaUa la tba anny, and in Ihia letter Sir John Hoora girea hie reaaona for adoptii^ tndi a meocore at odd- rideraUa length, and aoami extiemely anxlooa to JMi^ it. Ha did not pn>- poae, bowerar, wboUy to deaeit the Bpaniaidi ; bat ha thought they might be aided upon aoma other point, and fbr tfati cium bad etderad Sir Darid Baird to Mil with fail tioopa to meet the remainder of the amy at the mouth at the Togui, if be did not ncwre odttr ocdeia fron Eki^iand. He had alto wiittan a loi^ letter of the tame kind, cm the lit «f December, to Sir ChMlaa Stuait at Madrid, ia which Im alto requatlt that loma Mooa; nught be wnt bin froai that place. " Stidi," rayi he " ii our wnnt of it, that if it can be got at a hiindi«d per not., we mwt hare it; do, therefore, if pomble, Mnd me lume at any rate." To thia lettv Sir John Hoore recaiTed an auwer, loftan- ing down die defeat of CaHsnot, whidi Traa followed by a requisition on the part of the Junta, military and dril, <rf all the united auttioritie* tS the kingdom, that be would me>Te fbrwud to the deCuiot 4rf Madrid, nUdi wn threatened by the enemy, and wu preparing to nuke the moat determined daftoce. Thii wai aeconded by Mr Fnie, the Britiih reiident, and by another penon wlio had been an eye-vritDeti of the extraordinary eSm- fetoenoe at Madrid. Sir John Hooie, in camequeaca of thia, on tlw fith of December, the tame day that be had written to lord CMtlereagh, ordered Sir Darid Baird to mipend hit maidi, and detemlned to wait in the poaition b« occulted till he tbouid tee ftniher into the matter, end afterwardi to be guided by ciicumitaucea. Sir David ludiily hod prooaeded but a little way hadi, lo that little time wat lott General Hope had brought up hli dirinon cleaa to BalamancB, which made the little army complete, haring both catalry and ar. tQIery ; and by a lingle nunrement to tiia lefl, Sir John Moore could make hia jUDction with Sir David Balrd a matter rf certainty, Madrid, however, had rapilulated on the third of the month, and wat in the bandi of the enemy two dayi before Sir John Moore had retolved to countermand the retoeaL Tbe iu- telllgaDoe open wlUdi he had acted, wit ia fact void of any real foundation and the prince of CutaUranco, and hi* excellency, Don Thomai Morla, had a1> ready cMunenoed a treaty for delivering up Madrid to the French, when they dgDad the premtng requiiition of the Junta to him to hulen to iti relieC^ Mr FWe, too, the dupe of hit own warm ftncy, or of the intereated tepreeentationi of tlte fteUe but languine tpirila who at Ihii Umti held the government of Spain, wai weak enough to anit thii impotture, and to take tbe mott unwar- rantable Ilbertiei. He tent to Sir J<din Viaon a flippant FVenchman, named
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CtaarniiUy, irith • demand, tlwt bafora he ctHnmuiMd hii propoted reliaat, Uw laM I^VanduDKn ihodd ba axatninad befors a mundl of war. To nuik tbe opiidoa be anlartaJDed trf ChinuUly, Sir Jobn Hmwe ordarad tlw atyatant of llw anity to gira him a urittan (nder to retire, and b« raqoartad Mr Fren, whan ba had mdi msMagai to deUver, to enjiloy tone othn' penan, aa ba en- iNtalDad a atTong pngwlice ag^nM all ndi tduncttia ; olbeviriaa ha bnated HrFVara with tbe oaual dafannca. Aaxioui toba uaeM to tbe canw of Spain, tha BfitUi gmanl urate to tbe Mw^piia de U fiomkna, to wgga* meaHiaa for AdraetiBgiiiconewt, that Um; night, If pomUe, Mtpport Madrid. On Aa Tth, Sir John Hoen ma frraarad utth a moit paBlotic addma tnm tbe Junta of Toledo, iMeh dedand that Aa BeBbera of tba Junta wan detemuned to dfa In deSroea of their ooBatrr. FkMed mlb dila manifeatatioii of pidilk ■pMt, though it tna only on paper. Sir John test ona vt Ut tMem to fonn wiA tbam a plan rf daftnoa for tiM citj ; but, at tba Fnadi Kfpnmcbti, tha JoBla pndeMly retired, and the difco of Belhim took peaoeable pcMeHion of tbe jdace. Neddng omdd bo mora bopahat than tha conditiaB of the Spaniatdt at tUi Iliae. Bciriemt ihm driving the mretebed renaina ot the canbe amy, H tt mt called, on tbe road to Valenda ; Tcdedo wai oocnpied by Bellano ; the didra of Iteitadc, mdi a ttroi^ diridon wal on the road forBadajoa, wilb the dotign of taMog upon Litbon or Cadj& Tbe duke of Tnriao wu proceeding agalntt Baii^uma. Tba duke of "■'■"■'■* nu preparing to enter Leon, and Bonaparte at Madrid wm ready to teoond all their movemBntt, together or Mpirately, at erenta ihouM roqolra. It wta in drcnnittaDCM of which be wu totally unaware, Aat ffir John Moore foond hrmtelf called upon to oommeoM aetiTe operationB. Ha wat naoaaarily prerentod from Bdrandng vpon Bladrid by tho knowledg* that the paitei of SomorieiTB and Guadanma were in tbe handt of Ae Freodi ; bat, bafii^ ordered Sir Darid Baird w adfanca, be him- lelf mored farmrd to Toio, intending to nnito with Sir Darid Baiid at VaHo- dolid. llw object of thlt moTement waa to Atout Madrid and Satvgoaaa, by threatening to inteicept tbe eonunnnicaUon with France. On the 19th, lord Paget, witti Ibe principal part of the ctralrj, nmrdied fr^nn Toro to Twdetit- lat; while brigadier^ncnl Stuart, commanding tbe 18th aodking'i Gennan dragooni, wat moring from Anrola In hit march, general Stuart, with ■ party of the ISth dragoona, aurpriaed a party of French carnlry and infentry in the Tillage of Rereda, and kUlod or made priionen the whole detadiment "niit wat the fint enconntei of the Frendi and Britiih in Spain, an eameat of wliat WB* yet to ba there adiiared by BritiA tklll and Britith Talour. On the 11th, the head qoaiteta of the army were at Aloejot, when, by an intenwptad deapatch, Sir John Moore wai pot in pottearion of the real ttste of af&irt, with Ibe objecla wliich Bonaparte liad in new, by deapatching afler him the duke of Dalmatia, with whom he wat already almott in contact Thii intelligence do- termlned the general, inttead of going on to Valladolid, at wat intended, to bee about, and batten to unite himaelf with the part of bii army which wat nn* der Sir Darid Baird, and, if potdble, to lurpriw the duke of Dalmatia at Sid- danba before he thould be fiirther reinfDrc«d. Writing of hit intended junction with Sir Darid Baird, to lord CatUereagh on Ibe 16th, he adds, " If then maF- thal Soult it to good at to approach ui, we tball be mudi obliged to him ; but if not we tball inardi lonardt bim. It will be rery agreeable to give a wipe to tudi a corpi, although, with retpect to the isun generally, It will probably hare do efTect, Spain being In Ihe itato deacribed in Berthiar't letter. She baa made no affiirtl for benelf ; oun came too late, and cannot, at tiny rate, be nif- Bdant."
Tha anniei were now near one another. The patrol* of Ihe coraliy reached
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M Tai U ValUdolid, and hod A«qiiant and mooMiful dtirmUiM willi the Biilwy. Od tha SOth, Sir John Moon fonned a junctian with Sir Darid Baird ; Am bead-quarten of tha annj being at Majoiga, but the caralry and hona aitilltay «er« at Monaataro Milgar Abaxo, thi«a leaguM fioni Sabagun, wharesdMaHB of tli« eDsmy'i csTslry were potted. The waatbar in* eztaeinaly cold, aod Ibt grouad cofwed witti (now, yet load Paget wt out at two o'dodi of tba naaning to BUrpriM the French poiitioii. Gsnual Slade, wilb the 10th bu^aia, ap- proached the town along the Ces, while hit lonkhip, with tba 1 5th dragovn and tome . horae artillery, approacfaod ftotn another direction. Beachii^ tha town by the dawn, they.iurpriied a piquet; but one or two eacsptng, gsTa tba alarm, and enabled the enoay to Tonn oulaide the town. Tita gnmnd waa at fint un^TOurable to tha Briddi, but the luparior tkiU of loid Paget oricai— Ibe difficulty. The French haring wheeled into line, to recaire Ibe thgdc d the Britiih charga, ware onrthrown in a mooMDt, and diipaiaed in all dirao> bona. The 16th buusn, only four hundnd itrong, encountei«d aerea biUMbed FV«Bcb, andooaipletely routed them. Many of the Frendi wwa Idlled, and on* hundred and Afty^ateD, including two UeutenaQt-coloneb, wore taken pritonert. Sir John IHoore reached Sahagun on tha 9 lit, wban the troapa were baited for a day, to recorer' tba fatigue of the fcawed maichet they haid made: On the S3d, erery Brr»ng«n>ent wai compleled for atlacliiog tha dtiko ef Daloiatia, who, after Ibe defeat of hit cavalry at Sahagun, had concentratad hia troapa, to tba amount of eighteen tbouaand, behind the rirer Carrion ; aaveB thouund being peeted st SaManha, and fire thwuand in the town of CairiuL DetachmenU were alao placed to guard the foidt and the bridget. The coaja (rf Junot, Sir John Moore wai aMare, had alio iti adranoed poali between Viu toria and Buigoa. The ipirit and the feeling under which be wai now acting, ware not at all eniiabte. " The morement I am making," he wrltei, " ia of tha mott dangaroui kind, - I not only riik to be lurrounded eTory momant by Miperior forcaa, but to hare my communication intercepted with the Galidaa. I with it to be apparent to the whole world, u it it to every indiridual of the army, that wa hare done arerything in our power in tupport of the Spamith cauie, and that wa do not abandon it until long after the Spaniardi had aban- dooed ua." At already taid, howerer, the preparationt, for attacking tlw duka of Dalmatia, were completed. The generali receivod their iaalructioDt, and tha army, burning with impatienoe, wat to much to the attack at eight o'clock in the eTOning. Unlafourable raporti through the day, and a letter from tba marquia de la Romana, confirming thete reportt, led to an oppeaita lina of conduct. The march to the Canion wat countermanded, and imBodinta ttepi taken for retreating upon Aitorga. The duke of Dalmatia had been da*, ly receifing itrong reinforcementt for iome tima, and hia army wat already greatly luperior to the Britiih. The duke of Abrantet had adTanoad ham Burgot to Valencia, and threatened the right flank of the Britiih. Bonaparta bimtelf had left Madrid on the IStfa, with thirty-two thoaiand inftnlry, and eight Ihouaand caralry, part of wbidi had nached Tordetillat on the S4th, atid beibre tha Britiih had b^un to rebeat from Sahagun, they were moring with all baMe upon the mme point with the hUlar on Benerenta. The duka of Dantuc, too, wat recalled from hit mardt towardi Badajoi, and ordered tar Salanuuica; and eian the duka of TnTiw, tent to take Tengeanca on Saragoiia, wat ordered to join in the pucvuit of the Britiih. Erery preparation haring bean made, general Prater, followed by general Hope, marahed with Iheit din* tiont on the S4th of December to Valdinat and Majoiga, and Sir Dand Baird to Valencia. Thii morement waa concealed by lord Paget, who puibed abtmg patrob of caralry up to Ibe advanoed peaU of the enemy. The reterra Mknred
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from SahffiRi on Iha morning cf Iho Sfitb ; utd lord F«g«t, in company with Sir Joho Hoots, with lh« caToliy, Ibllowad in Iba BTBUing. On Um Sith of December, the ftdTsneod guerd of Bcowperte marched from Tordeiilbi, wbicb ii « hundiad and twenty milM from Madrid, tmd fifty frooi BenerenM. Stnmg detuhoMDU of artillery had been pubed forward on tbe road to VilUpaiido and MajorgK, ana of whlcb lord Paget enoountored at the latter place, on the S61I1. Colonel Leigh, with two aqnadrom of the lOtb hmmn, wai orderad to dui^ Ihla cnpi, which be did, and emapletaly routed it, taking mcntt than one hundred prieoneiiL Nothing oonld exceed the coolneM and gallantry displayed by the Britith cnalry on thie occaaion. The 10th dragocmi bad already lig- naliied their lalour, and been Tictrni in lix Mreral attadu. At Valendi, cap- tain Joae*, with only twenty men, dharged a hundred Fiendi diagooni, killed fourteen of them, and made lix pritonen. General* Hope and Fitamr Mached Benerenie on the night of the S6th. On the 97th, the manfuard croNed the Ealar, blew up tho bridge, and followed the Mme routs. After reating a diort time at Benerenla, and publiahing general ordsn to the troopa, wboee aondoct, eince tlw coaunancement of the retreat, had aMUmed a diigraeafid diaraGtmr, the army mored for Aatm^ on the S8tb. Lord Paget, being left with the canlry to bring up the tear, obterred «ome of the cneny'i hone attempting a ford be- low Abe bridge which had been blown up, and between fin and dx huadMd of Bonaparte'* imperial guarda daihed into the riTer, and pawed orei. The piquet*, who had been divided to watdi the ford, amounting only to two hun- dred and twenty men, retirad dowly before nuji HiperifHT numbeca, diipuUng OTwy inch of ground, till lord Paget, with the 10th bunan, coming up, they wheeled roimd, and plunged into tbe water, learing behind them Gfiy-fiTe men killed and wounded, and lerenty priaoner*, among whom wa* general Le Febne, the otnunander of the imperial guard. Some doubt, it would appear, hung upon the general'! mind, whether Vigo or Cormna wai the moot eligible place for the embaibatiui of tbe troopi ; and wiahing to bare either of them rtill in hia choice, he aent general Ciawfbrd, with three thouaand men, lightly equipped, on the road to Orenge, ao far on the way to Vigo. With the rett of tbe troopt he proceeded to Aatorga. The marquii de la Romana had been left to daalroy the Iwidge of Mandlla ; and after haring peifonned that duty, had been deaired to turn to Aaturiai, in the fortreHei of which he might find taf^ty, and St the lame time make tome imall diTertion in faTOur of the Britiah anny : but he had left the bridge in charge of a tmall guard, which delirered it up to tbe lanlry of Soult; and he pooeaaed himielf hero of a great part of the accom- raodationa which were intended for the Britiih troop*. Hit half naked troop* carried away a part of the *tore* which had been collected at thli place, a great pert <tf which had to liedeUroyed foe want of mean* to ramore theuL At Aatorga, aoolber general order waa iasued, reipecting the moral conduct of the troop*, whiiJi bad not improred unoe they left BeneTente. The adranced guard, and the main body of the Brili«h army, marched on the SOth for Villa Franca ; Sir John Moore, with general Paget, and the leaerTe, followed on the 81*L The cavalry reached Cambera* at midnight, when the reteire proceeded, and arrived nest morning, January 1, remaining at Bembilene, a* the preceding diridona were marching o<F to Villa FVanca. Here an unparalleled aoene of debaudiery pre- sented itaelfl The itraggleii from the preceding division* (o crowded tbe hoMaa, that there waa not accommodation for the reeerre, while group* of tbe half naked wretche* bektngingto the marquii of Bomana, completed the confuaion. The Frendi were following lo cine, that their patrol* during the night fall in with the cavalry piqueta. When Sir John Hoore, with the reaerre and the cavalry, marched for Villa Frana, on the S)d of January, he left colonel Bo**, with the
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88 MOOBE.
SOlh ngfaMBt, H>d » i!tt«i*iiiwit of cftnky, to eeni Ae lorn ; *bil« pattiM mtn wat lo wun tfao Mnggian, •BCMnting to om tbooMnd nan, «f Amt iiB^W. sad to drin llMm, if poadbU, oM of lb« booM. Sob* fim wmr* paB>- •hmM to ntn* oa, but Um br grcattr wuriiar, in dMplte of Ontatt, mat >» ^millwi of i1m apprMdiMif i—iy, paniMed in rMMJiriay, and wan tlwt'alio*» l«ft to tkair btab Tha «»Ay, bowawr, Mily ^ntttad the tawn on A» ^prow* «/ llM aMnr^ x*d *■"> ft<«n I'm •mm of imaMdiala dngw, wu ttia nail CEIad wUk Mng^Ma, afaMd and unantad, nnlaa, cwti, woiaen and cUtdNn, is Ifca BlM« eanlUiM. Tha pamd of huMM vUeh had ran^Dad to pmtact thmm, NM HIM doaaly panuad Sat Mranl nilai by fi<« aqnadroM of Pnadi evnitry, iAb, M tkay gaUopad Hmugb Aa Ion; lino of Mragi^an, iluhed than wiA ItaJr ■woid*, ij^ and Mt, wtlluat many, wUle, otwcMoa wMi lifuv, Any «wld naUa* bmIm raitfanea, nor gat out of Iba way. At VUh Vtm, *a g— atal hand, with daap i^^, of tfaa inagularitiai wUcli bnd ban (ii—drtid hj Oa |*oeadiog diTUona. Mtgaaiaai bad baan fdondovd, itona at wina ba«kaB opaa, and lafga <|)uiitUiai af loaaga and prafiiiow dtattoyad Ona man lAa had baaadatadlod (a tbM» atndtiaa, wu iimadialalyiliot; andaMnbaxtftba ■traggbn, who had baan niNnbly woundod by tha Fratift esTalty, won or. riad IhMMf^ Iha mla, to ibow tha aMiandMdy ouam^itnaf of inabciaty, aad tha iaapntdaau of qaitting tbrii oompanioiMi Falling of hii aim of intoniapt- iflf tha BrM* at Aita^K, Bowipaito did not proooad fiuthar, but he ovdand Soidt, with on orcrwhalBlng fovea, to pmaua, and dviva than isto the Mn ; and on tfaa Sd of January, thay pmaad u hard upon tbe laat of tha gulnjatiiig amiy, that Sir John Ho«m raaolTad upon a night mardi from Villa F^vncn to Homilaa. Fran Om laltar plaoa ha ptooaadad to Logo, wbare ha data— tiwad to odar tha aaany battla ; and fcr this puipoaa ha tent fcswaid dMpatdiaa to Sir n»id Baitd, who wu in front, lo halt. He alao andoaad the waam ordan fiv gcnerali Hope and Fiaaar, who commandad the adTanoad di*iiiona. TImh he fiwwaidad to Sir Darid Bsird, by hia aid-da-eantpt captain Napiar, aecompBDiad by an ordariy dragoon. Sir DsTid again forwarded than to tba napectire ottoara; but the ordarly dragoon, hating got intoxicated, kat than : in caaaaqnanoa of wUdi ganaialFHMwaiM'Aidonadayli joumay on tha vend to Vigo, whidi he had to Munlannaich naxt day, in draadAd weaAer, by lAlch be lort a mnnber of Ui men. It waa now datormlnad lo March npon Camnnn, aa being noara> than Vigo; and an ezpraaa wa* aent off to Sir Swouel Hood, to otdar the taoa- porta round to that plaoa. On the road to Na^aa, the raaerre Ml in with fatty waggoni with Kcma, lent from &igbnd Ibr the mangula af Bwoana'i amy. Aa thara wan no winni irf carrying theoi badi:, ihoat, and mdi tbii^ aa ooidd be nade wa 4^ wan diatribuled lo tha tnopa aa thay paMad, and the real daalmy- •d. On the 6tb, tbe ride oorpa, wWch oorered thenwrve, waa engaged with the eneay nearly tbe whole day, while ererytUDg Aat retarded the mardi wai dartioyed. Two carta (tfdoUan, amounting to twenty-fire thoonnd pounda, wwe rtdled down a pradplce on the aide of the road, which ttia advanced guard of the French paavd in lev than Sn wdnutaa IheraaAar. It waa afterward* aioarlsined that thi* money fell into the handi of tbe Spaniah peaaanta. At I^igo, another aaran gtnanl order wai iMuad, and a podtion taken np for battle. The French made an attadt on part of thii podtion on (he 7tb, bnl ware repuked with aaw. On the 8tb, ewything wbi ditpoaed foe a general engagement ; Soult, boweTar, did not think fit to make tbe attack, and the Britiih army not being now in a atata to undergo a protracted warfiue, it wn roMtred to GMitinue the ratrtst. Tbe difierent brigadea accordingly quitted the ground about ten o'clock at night, learing their firei burning lo deoeire the enemy. tireat dliordan atiU reigned among tbe tra<^, who wore tuffering dreadfully
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from tba larerity of the matlwr, and fnca long nwrcbM on bad roadi ; y«t, at BitanzM, it wh jndgad {Wttferable to kwp tha tMopt expowd to the ccdd and fain, mther than to the Inwittible tamptatteni of tlie trine heoMi in the town. Here a new ordsr wat iMued, and pai^mlar dutiM demmtded la be petftmied by Ibfl offlcen The hot day'i march, on the 11th, waa uodiMtad «llh nkora propriety thsD any diet bad preceded it ; yet eight or nine (bagf Iwi were de- tected, Hho had preceded their cdumn, and taken poMeMfon of a wine Inmm, and all that nai in it Tbey were eeiMd, and brought beftM Ae general, lAo halted the anny, and lent for the offionl of the reghnenti to irhkh tbey be- longed. The edpriti* harenada ware then aeereliod, when die gaueaal de- clared that, bad be foand any plunder in then, their ownen woold lMl*e been hanged ; hot that he would hare cmMldared their gvtlt In a great neaanre attri- butable to the n^ligenoe of their officen On fhiibing dda luquky. Sir Jehu Moore rode on to Coninna, and axaMlned erery podtioB in lli neigfaboorlieod. The troopt were quaitered, partly in the town, and partly in the inbiudM; General Paget, wiUi the reeerre, at El-Biirgo, near the bridge of the Hoto, and in the HUaget on the 8t Jago road. Adrene winda had detained the tranaportt, otherwiie the whole army would haTO been enhwlied before the enemy ee*dd hare come np. Only a few ihipt lay in the harbour, in wUch pone ddc men, and tome itiagglare who had preceded the army, and repreaented liiwiMelmi •Ick, had embarlied. The anny, though mndi &t]gued, arrived at ita deatined poaition unbroken, and in good tpiritr Bonaparte, with eaventy tbounnd men, had in ndn attempted to impede ill pr(^r«M ; and ill rear-guard, thoogh often engaged, had nerer been thrown into conflaioA But the greateM danger watatill to be ineuired. The Rituotion of Coninna na* found to be iinfafourable ; die trane- portf had not airived ; the enemy wu already appearing on the heighti, and migtit aoOD be expected in orerwhelmitig ftwce. Sereral of hie officen, reoolleot- iog, peifaapa, the eonrention of Cintm, gave it a* tlieir adviee, that Sir John Moore ihould apply to the i>uke of Dalmatia for pemimon to embark hii troopa unmolealed. Thia, however, he poddrely rejected. The oflkeri, in the iliU place, were btuied in attempting to reitore aome d^jree <tf diadpline among the troope, and in pioriding neb re&eabmenti fbr them aa the place would alRetL lie ground, in the mean time, wat carefully examined, and dM beatditpoaltiona that could be thought of made tot defenoe. On the 13th, Sir John Moore waa on honebadE by the Inwk of day, making anangement* for bottle. He returned about eleten, worn out with Atigue ; aent for brigadier-general Stuart, and deaired him to proceed to England, to explain to minieten tile lituatJon of the army. He waa, be ^d, ao tired, that he waa incapable of writing ; but that he (general Stuait) being a conpelent judge, did not require any letter. After taking aome refreahment, bowerer, and reating two houra, the ihip not being quite ready, nor geneial Stuart gone, he called for pape*, and wrote hii laat deapatch. Oo the 14th, the French cooimaioed a cannonade on the left, which the Briliih returned with tuch etftct, ai to make the enemy draw olE On a hill outaide the Britiah poata, were found thia day fire thouMnd barreli of gun- powder, which had been aent from England, and lay here neglected, tbou^ the Spaniih BRnlea were in a great meaaure ineffbcdre for want of ammunition. Ak many barrela aa conreyance could he fixuid for, which waa but rery few, were carried back to Coinnna ; the remainder were blown up. The exploaion liiook the town ofCorunna lilM an earthquake. Thia BTOning the ttanaperti from Vigo hove in aigfaL On the ISIh, the enemy adianced to the height where the magaaioe bad been Mown up ; and colonel Mackende, of the Gth regiment, in at- tempting to aeiie upon two of the enemy'a gum, wai killed. The artillery waa thia day embariwd, widi the exception of aeren aix~poandera and me bowlneiv
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40 MOOHE.
ifhldi mn «apl(iyed In tb« Udm of da&aca, ud four Spaniih gum, kept n* a f MIT ID; Oa dii« and ttia praoeding day, the lid^ tin diimouDted tsnUiy, bona*, and Mtillsry, weia carried on board the iliip*, aod erery arraDgement wae made for emburiung the wbols army oa the following erening. Next morning the enemy ramained quiet, and the preparation! Iieing completed, U wai finally naohed that the einbaikatian ihould take place that eTening, and all the docck- «ry ordan were accordingly iuued. About noon. Sir John Moore aeot Tor oalonal AndeiMn, to whom the care at the embariiation Mat confided, and oc- dared him lo hare alt the boat* diiengagad by four o'clock, aj, if the enemy did not more, ha would embark the reterre at that hour, and would go out hiraaelf ai ioon aa it wm i*A, and aend in the Iroopa in lira order he wiibed them to be embarked. At one o'clock, fait hone wu brought, wlien lie look leare of Anderaon, laying, " RememlMi I depend upon your paying parUoular attentioa to ererything that concemi the eml)arkBtiaD, and let tbera be ai little oonfn- eiou aa ptaible." Mounting hii horte, he wt out to niit the outpoata, and to explain bU de^gnt to hia olHcei«. On hii way, he waa met by a report fnak gmeral Hi^, that the enemy'a line wu getting under arma, at which he ex> praaaad the hii^ieet latiibction ; but regretted that there would not be dsylighl eoiHi^ to reap all the adTantagee he antidpated. Galloping into the field, be foond the piquet* already iMgiuDing to fire on the enemy'* light troopi, frtiich WMTS pouring down the hilL Haring carefully examined the poution, and the nwreoHnti of the anniei, he Mat off almoit all hit ttaff* officer* with orden lo tha diiTennt general*, and hsatened himcelf lo the right wing, the poaitioa o[ which wa* bad, and which, if f<R«ed, would hare ruined hi* whole army. Tbia dangeroui poat wa* held by the 4th, 43od, and 50th regimenta. Ai the genet^ aatidpated, a furioui attadc waa made on thii part of hi* line, which he taw nobly repelled by the COth and 49nd, whoa faa dieered on In person, calling out to them lo remember Egypt Haring ordered up a battalion of the guard*, captain Hardii^ wa* pointing out to him their poaition, when he waa beat to the ground by a cannon twU, which iliudt him on the left ahoulder, carrying it entirely away, with part of the collar bone. Notwithttanding the lOTerity ^ the wound, he uX up, frith an unaltered countenance, lotting intently at the Highlandeta, who were warmly engaged ; and hi* countenance brightened, when he wa* told that they were adTaocing. With the aiiiitanca of a eoldier of tbe 49nd, he wai remoTed a fbw yard* behind the ahelter of a wall; colonel Graham of Balgowsn and captain Woodford, oomiiig up at the initant, loda oT for a lurgeoik Captain Hardinge, in the mean time, attempted to itop Ibe blood, which wa* flowing in a torrent, with hi* lath; but thit, from the Msa cf tbe wound, waa in Tain, Haring conaented to be carried to the rear, ha wai railed up to be laid in a blanket for that purpoie. Hii iword banging on the wounded lide leemed to annoy him, and captain Hardinge wa* unbuckling it fium hia waitt, when he *aid with a diitioct roice, " It it ai well a* it ia, I hod rather it ahould go out of the field with me." He wai borne out of tbe field by lix M^diei* of tbe 4Snd. Captain Hardinge remarking, that be Uuated he would yet recorer, be looked iteadfaitly at the wound, and taid, "No, Hardinge, I feel that to be impoaiible." When thii officer expiMaad a wiib to accompany him, he uld, " You need not go with me. Beport to general Hope that I am wounded, and carried to the rear." A lergeaot of tb« 19nd, and two ipare file* eecorted tbe general to Corunna, while cap- tain Hardinge hulened lo carry bii order* to general Hope. The following ta hi* frieod colonel Anderton'* aocount of hit lait moment*. " I met the general in the evening of the 1 Gth, bringing in, in a blanket and nuhe* ; be knew ma iMiedi*iely, though it wa* almoet dark ; iqueeaed my band, and nid, ' AndeF-
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•uD, don't leata me.* He «p(*a to the lurgtoM wbile they mm emuInlBg hU Wound, but vru in tudi palo, lie coaldiBy little. AftgrionM time he teamed vary ansloui to ipeak to me, nnd at interrali expnMed hinuelf h follom : ' Andflnon, you know that I hare rIwbji wiilitd lo die tfali way.* He then ulced, ' An the FmdcIi bealeu f > queitlaa which he repeated to erery one ^e knew a» they came in. ' 1 hof« the people of England will be MtliAed. I hope ray country will do me juitice. Andet*oii, you will lee ny frieadi ■• inon u yon can. Tell Ibem ereiythiag. Hy motiher' — Here hb Toic* quite ftiled, and be wai escnsirely agitated, ' Hope — Hope — I hara much to tay to him — but — cannot get It out. Are colonri Glnbant, aad eli my ^dt-de-cnmp irelL [A prirate ugn wa* made by colonel Andenob not to ibform hinl'lhlit captain Burrard, one of hit aida-de-cainp, wa* wounded.] I bare made my wilt, and remembered my kervant*. Colborne hat my will, and all my papen." Major Colborne then came Into the room. Ho (poke moit kindly to him, and thsD mid to me, ' Andenon, remember you g;a to * * * * and tell him it Hmyreqnetl, and that I expect he will give major Colboma a lieulenmt- eolonelcy. He ha* been long witli me, and I know him moit worthy ef IL* He then a*ked major Colborne if tlie French wen beaten ; and on being told that Uiey were, on every point, he laid, ■ It ii a great latitTactioD for me to know we ban bexten the French. Ii Paget in the room F On my telling him that he wa* not, be laid, ' Remsmber me to him; Ifi general Paget I mean. Ha it a One Allow. I feel myielf lo itrong, I teat I ihall be long dying. It n gnat uneuinetf — It ii gieat pain. Every thing Francoiiiayi it right. I barb lite gnatett confidence in him.' He Aanked the torgeont for iheir trouble. Gaptaina Percy and Stanley, two of hit aidi-de^Mmp, then coiae into the rmm. He (poke kindly to both, and atked If all hit aidt-de-oamp wen welL After tome interval, he laid, ' Stanhope, remember me to your tiller.' He preitod my hand dote lo hu body, and in a few minutei died without a ilruggle."
Thui died Sir John Moon In the forty-eevaBHi yMi of hit age, after hating conducted one of the moit difficult retreati on record, and tecured the lafety of the army iotrutted to him. Fen deatht have excited a greater aentcrtion at the time tbey took place, llie hotue of ComMoai patted a vote of thankt to hit army, and ordered a monuittent to Im erected fbr him in St Paul'i Calhedml. titatgow, bit liatire dty, erected a bronM ilatua to hit menutry, at a coit of upwwdt of thiee thouuind poondi. The extent of hit iderita hai net failed to be a tubjeet of controvetty ; but It leenu to he now geaenlly allowed by all, except thoie who an blinded by party leal, that, in proportion to the meant intruited to him, they irere very great.
" Succeeding achievementi of a mere exteniive and important nature," tayt the author of the PleaiUrea of Hope [firfin, Bucgc, art. Sir John Moort], " have edipeed the reputation of thit conunauder, but the intrepidity and mai^ ly uprigfatneti of hi* character, manifetled at a time when the Britiah army wu far from being didinguitbed in tbete reipecti, are qualitiet (at more endearing than military fame. Ihey Aborted admiration even from hi* enemin ; and the monument erected by the French effieen over hit grave at Otrunna, atteelt the worUi of both partial."
HORISON, RoeiBT, an eminent botanltt of the teventeenlh «entury, wat bon at Aberdeen in the y«ar 16BD. He completed hit education in the univernty of that dty, and in 1638 to<Jc the degree (tf Doctor in FhUotophy, He wat (^ginnl- ly deiigned by hit parentt for the diuidi, but hi* own taite led him lo the ttudy or botany and phytic; and hit attachment to tbote tdencei finally pravailii^ over every other coualdemtion, he began to follow them m a profbttion. Hi* attachment to the royal coute, induced him to lake an actire part In iba political
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diiUitbuiaH of bi* tinin
DBor Aberdoeii, Slid wu •
conry, b« went to FuU, wboa ba obtainad employnwnt i
too of DOUDMllor BriMt ; bm «t tb« mum tuaa be Msloody d«To(«d hinMslf la
Iba rtudy of botany, anatooiy, sod Mology.
Id 1618, ha took > docUK*! d^iw* in pbjaic •! Angen ; ind now becama •0 dutinguidied by hi* ikill in boluy, tint, on tfaa mcommandaUini of Mr Bobini, kJDg'i botanitt, b* «w takon into tho patronaga of the duke of Oi- kan, uDcle to Louia XIV., and appointed, in 1650, intendant of Ibe ducal gardwN at Bloii, with a handaoMa ulary. in thia utoatioii be lemained till Um dulu*! death, wbidi took place in 166D. While employed in the cspacily of intendant, Moriaon diKOTaied to bw patimi, the duke of Uileana, tho nelhod at botany, which afierwaxdi aoquiied faim eo mudi celebrity. The latter, auidi plMuad with iti ingenuity, and the talent which it diaplayed, afforded ill
hii own axpanae, through Taiioua prorincea of Fnuwe, to aeaitk for new plant*, and to acquire what olber infonuOioa tnch an exenrion might affiinL On ihia oocanon, Moriaon tnrelled into Burgundy, Lyonnmi, Languedoc, and firiUany, oiefully inTettigaled their eouti and iilet, and letutned with many niw, and tome new planb, widi dhich ba enndted the garden id hi* patron.
On the death of the duke of (Mean*, be m* inrited to England by Charle* II., who had known bim while be me in the Mrrice of Orlean*. Hit rcputalion, howoTer, a* a botaniat, now itood lo high, that he wai cooiideied aa a national aoquiiition, and na* eaniertly lolidled by Fouquet to remain in France, who, to induce bim to comply, mode bim an ofier of a h'mlmnwi »*ttUiii*¥ii But hm of country preiailed, and he returned to England. On hi* arrinU, Charlaa b^ •towed on him the title of king!* pbyaician, and appoiotad him royal profeanr of botany, with a lalary of £800 par annum, and a free bouee a* lupeTinteDdent of botany. He wat *h<wt]y afierwaida elected Fellow of the Roy^ Colleg* of Phyaiciani, and daily beearaa moi« and more celebrated for hi* knowledge of botany. In die litaationi to which ba wai ^pointed by the king, ha remained mi 1669, when b« wa* elected, through the interect of the leading men of liie uDiFonity itf Oxford, botanic pntfenw of that inatitution, on the 16th DBoember of the year abore named ; and on the day following, wa* inootporated doctor of phyiic Here be read hi* Srtt lei^ture in the phytic tchool, in September, 1670,
* ' n remored to the phyiic garden, where he lectured three time* a-week
Thi* appointment be held, occaaionally employii^ himeelf bevde* on hi* great' work, HiUoria Plantartmi Ozonieiitii, till hi* death, which UmAl plnoe on the 9lh Norembet, 1683, in contequenca of an injury which be teceiied from the pole of a carriage, sa ha w«* croMing a *tr«et He died on the day follow- ing tbe acddent, at hi* houie in Green ttreet, Leioeater-Beldi, and wa* buried In tbe church of St Marti n'»-in4he-field(, Wcatminrter.
Moriion'i fint publication wa*a wtwk, eotitled, " Hortu* Regiui Bleienaia auo- tut ; acce*«il Index Plantarum in Hralo contentainuB, nomine Scriptonim et Ob- ■eiTBtionei generaliorei, leu Pr«ludi<mim pari prior, London, 1669," i9mA Hi* work added greatly to hi* repulatian, and wa* the mean* of reeaouneDding him to the profeuonhip at Oxford. Hit next publication wu, " Plaalarum Um- belliferarum Diitiibulio Notb, per tabula* cognationii et offiniLatii, ex libro Na- turo obcerrata et delecia, Oxon, 1673," fol. Thi* wa* giien as a ipeciraen of hii great work, " Hiitoria Plantarum Unirenalii Ozonieniia" It aUiacted tbe notice of the learned throughout all Europe, and added greatly to hi* reputa- tion. Encouraged by it* reception, be proceeded rigoroutly with the wctfk
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whidi it wM iatanded to tjpily, and prodiHwd tb* fint Tohme, uiid«r the tltla already quol«d, in 1680. Hit dwtii, howBTSr, prenntAd ill c<Mi|ile^Mi, and laft him time to liniih nine only tit the fi(ie«n davM of hii own lyttam.
MUNRO, (Muo^-Gintnu, Sm) Tainui, Bart and K. C. B., a ctkbnt«d cItII and military (Acer in the Mrric« of tti« Eait India Cmnpany, wh the ton of Mr Alexander Munro, an eminent merdiant in Glaigow, Kliere tha lubject of Uiia memoir waa Xtora on tlie 97th May, 1761, Hii mother, whoie name *a* Staric, HB« deteeDded of tiM Staik« of Killermont, and *ra« liatar to Ur William Staifc, the diitinguiahed aoatomiit. After goings through the uMial routine of jorenile education, including the eitabliihed term of attendanae at the grammar echool, young Munro wu entered a itwdaot in the uniTertity of fail natire city, in the thirteenth year of hia ago. Here he itndied mathematica under proAMor WiUiamaon, and diemiitry with the celebrated Ur Irvine; and in both idencea nude % yrogitn which exdted the admiration of hii teadier^
While at adiool, he Ki* diitinguidied for a lingular openneM of tamper, a mild and generoua diipoaition, with great personal courage and praaenoe of mind. Being natuially of a robuat tmaa of body, be exoelled all hia icbool- felloH* in athletic exerciiea, and wat particularly eminent ai a boxer ; but,- with all that nobleneat oS nature whidi was peculiar to him, and which to mudi dii- tinguiihed him in aftaiJife, he nerer made an improper or unfoir uae of hii auperior dexterity in the pugiliuic art He itudioualy avoided quanrele, and never rtnidi a blow, except under drcumclancei of great provocatii»i. Neither did he ever preiume ao far on the formidable laleot whidi he poneMed, ai to oonduct hiowelf with the dij^teit degree of ineolence toward* hi* OHnpanioDi, although none of them could itand an inataat before him in nn^ combat Theis qualities secured him at once the reepect and esteem of hia youthful oontempararies, and on all expeditions and occaaions of warfare, procured hira the honour of being tbeir leader and military adriaer.
Having remained three yean at college, he was, at the expiry <rf that period, placed by hit father in the counting-house of Mettn Somerville and Gordon, being designed for the mercantile profession. He was about this time also of- fered a lieutenancy in a military corps, then raising by the city of Glasgow fiv the public lerrioe ; but, though himself strongly diiposed to accept this i^er, his father objected to it, and, in compliance with the with of hit parent, he de- dined it Soon after this, his blhar'i aflain became embarraaad, whan, finding it impoasibletoetlabliih his ton inbusineit at he had originally propoted, he began to think of jntUng faim in a way of puthlng his fortune in India ; and with this view, procured him the appointment of midshipman on board the East India Company's ihip, Walpole, captain Abercrombie. With this veael, young Munro tailed from London on Ihe SOIh Fabiuary, 1779, Prerioutly to tailing, bis father, who happened to be accidentally in London at the time, procurad him a cadetship, through the infiuence of Mr Laurence Sullivan, one of the directors of the Ckmipany.
Hr Munro arrived at Madras, the place of his destination, on the Ifith Janu- ary, 1780. Here he wai kindly received by the numerout penont to whom he brought letters of introduction; but kindness of manner, and the hotpiloiity of the table, teem to have bean the extent of tbeir patronage. He was left to push his own way, and this, on hit first landing, with but very indilliirent proa- pedt for the future, and but little preaent encouragement Nor were these di*> heartening drcumstances at all ameliorated by the reception he met with from hit namcMke, Sir Hector Munro, the commander-in-chief. That high func- tionary (old him, " that he would be happy to tarve him, but wot torry it was not in his power to do any thing for him."
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44 MLTNaO.
Ha WH MOD tftar tak srrinl, hoMivr, callsd into acUva m foroM of Hjdar Ally, a*d raotiBiMd thu* emptDrad, with MMnaly uiy i***- miMion, fw tha next &ii> yaart, whan a daflnltiva tiMty of paaoa im« Mitanl Into with Tlppoo Sultan. During Aia padod of vhAm, ha «ai praaatf at Hm baulw, and at mow than doubla tbrt imiabar at ri^r**i ■■wh, *nd rt^[Hiii|^; in im of whioh be arinead an inUapidity, pmaooe of muad, and militanr gwu^ •MA aarly attractad th« notioa of bii n^erlofa, by whoa be began tA ba loakad jpon at an affioer of lingulac prooiM.
In Fefamary, lTS6,ba wai pnivotedtoa liantanancy; but no fin-thu' Aaap took pUc« In hit fnitUMa, till Augiul, 1788, when ha waa ^pointad Maiaaat in the intelligonea dapartoMnt, under c^tun Alaxandar Head, aqd amn^ed t* the bead-quB>ten of the fame dartinad to take piiawioB ol tba p*««iBM of
During' the interral between the fint and lait periodi jiHt waaiad, Mr Mvom luaidueuily employed himelf in aoqutriuf the Hindoetaaaa and Parnan b>- fuafee, in which he uldouUely made a profidsncy wbidi hae been nttaiaod tj but few Europoaai. In thii interral, too, occurred a fion«^iuid«DC0 witb bl* parent!, in which are oartun pa«nfe«, (trikingly illoilrBtiTe of tba geae realty of hii nature, and which it waatd bo iaing an iojuUiee, both to hk ■naiDOry, and to the Glial piety of hk brother, to pOM without noticaw la one of thtaa letlaia, dated Tanjote, 10th Norember, 17S5, «ddre«ed to fak mother, he Myi, " Alexander and I bare agreed to renut aiy falhar £100 a>yaar between na. .If the amar* wbidt lonl Macartaey detained ^ra paid, I will lend £800 in the ooune of the year ITSS." Whan it ia Ncollectad that Mr Hunro waa yet but a lieutenant, lhi« proof of hi* beneroleace wUI bt fully appreciated. It muit alao be added, that theae remlttBDcea ware main at a tiioe, too, when he had hioiaalf aarcely a dtair to lit upon. " I wqa tbraa year* in India," he wrltei to bit aittar, " before I wii maater of any other pillow than a book or a caitridg»-paudi ; my bad waa a pieoe of oannM, etretcbed on four otoh itiein, whoaa only omament wai tba gnat coat that I brou^t from England, which, by a lucky invention, I turned into a blaaket in liie eold ireatber, by thiuating my leg* into the alaeraa, and drawing the dtirt* orar my bead."
In the iltuption of BNiilBDt intelligancar, he remained till October, 1790. when, Tippoo harlng raaumad hoatilitiea with the Engllih, ba returned to hii luililary duUM, by joining the 9lat battalion of natiTe infantry, lAich fimwd part of the array under the command of colonel Maxwell. Mr Munro remained witb the array, ahariog in all lla dangeri and fatlguai, aad performing the Tari- oia duttet aialgned to him with hii uiual diligence and actirity, till the month of April, 1 798, when he wai appointed to aaiiM Captain Read in the management of the diitrlct of Bannhnul. In thia employment he continued till Match, 1799, baring, in the mean time, June 1796, attained the rank c^ captain ; wheo_, on a war with Tippoo again occurring, he joined the army under lieutenant-general Harrii, and aerred in it with hii aecuitomed ability and zeal, until aftsr the liege erf" Seringapatam and death of Tippoo, when he waa appointed to the charg* of the citU admin litiati on of Canara. Thit diarge waa an exceedingly labwioia one, and, in almoat erery reipact, an exceedingly unpleaiant one ; but the cir- cunwtanoe of hit appointment to it, was, neTertheleu, a rery mnrked proof of tlie high eatimation in which hii talenta were held by the government, for it wai ako a diaige of great importance ; and tha auflioritfai did juitice la hit meriU, by beHering that there wai no indinduol in India *o well qualilied to till the lituatlon ai captain Muonx The principal dutiei of hii new appoint- ment were, (o introduce and establiih the aulhwily of the goremment; to
MUNRO. 45
Hltb diipuW aniongit ih« nBtivM; (o punUi lbs rtfnatory; and to mtch OTSr Uw rereniiei of i)m diibriqt : and froni tveln to ni^Mn houn wwa d»i] j derotMl M t)ii| t^preMiTe Ui4 iMnwiDf routipe of butioei^
Hstinf uooBiplubed all the purpout ^r whidi he wu lant to Caiuura, and hnving MtablitlKd order and tnnquiUitTf vborp he had romid twbuleiKa and nor lonoa, Xajot Munro (Aht to thn nuik ht wu jjironxtlvd, May 7, 16Q0) lolicilad the gOTenmient to be ii]tnNt«d with tb« (uperiotandeiKa of what were called tlM Ceded Diitrictt; a oertain extent of teirilory, yielded up in perpetuity to the Company by NifBn, in lieu of a iDoptbly nibtidy which had been prerionaJy ax- actod from hinL
The reqimt of major Munro wai net ootnplied with, without nudi reloetance and heaitatien, prooeediug from the high nlue placed upon him Hrrioai when he mu ; but it appearing tiiat then would be ec|>ially deiiiable in die ■[tuatjon which he iQught, he wai nmored thither in OOober, 1800. Here he perfbrmed ■inilar important lerrice*, both to the country itMlf and to the Company, •• he had done at Canara. Within a few uonth* afcM bit arriral, he cleaied llw prarince of namwoiu bandt of marauden, which bad preriaualy kept it in a tttte of ooutanC Uiror and alarm, and Ailed it with vobbwy and murder. He erery- where ettabliahed order nnd regularity, and finally luoceeded in conrerting one of the niot diiocderly prorinoe* in India, into one ttf the nmet wcure and tian- quil diitricU in the poMenion of the Company. Thi«, howerar, wa* not accom- plithed without much labour, and many penonal privadoni. He repeatedly tiarened the whole extent of teiritory under hti juritdietirai, and for Ibe &it four yean of hi« reeidanca in it, nerer dwelt in a houea, being continually in motion from place to pUce, and on these ooeaaioni making hi* tent hie bouML
Uiring the time of hie terrioM in the Ceded DiUxicti, Mr Munro wai pro- moled, S4th April, 1804, to the rank of lieutenant-oeleneL
With that Glial aReution which fomu «o remarkable and pleavng a feature in the cfaaraelar of tbe lubject of thi* memoir, he had regularly inoeaaed the al- lowance to hit paienti, with the adtanoe of hit own fntune^ Indeed, thi* teem* to hare been hit fint eare on arery occa*i<M) <^ an acceauon of income.. In a letter to hi* iaiher, dated Kalwapilli, 3rd May, 1801, there acan thi* paMage : " 1 hare at lait heud from Metd* Hariugton, Bumaby and Codt. bom, on the tubject of the remittance of a hill for £1000 tterl^, b> rJear youi boine in the Stoekwel). In Auguet, I thall remit the remaining mm due i^on the honae ; and al*o £900 (twling, in otdar to augment my uinnd rtmittuca to £400 tlerling. Aa my motfaer It to fond of the country, and a« a garden woold prtdiably contribute to her health, ibe ought certainly to be under no eoncem about the trifling expente a country faoute may occaaion, in addition to one in town. I therefore hope that yoif will draw on Colt for whatsTer it Okay cent, and let me know the amonnt, that I may add it to the £400, whiofa I meu^ ihoald go entirely to your town expenaea ; and th^ you will likewiea in- form me what other debti you may hare betide* the mortgaga on the houte, that I may dlicharge them, and reliere yon at onoe from liia Taxation and enxlety In which you hare to ioog been expoaed," In a rery few year* aftep- wiidi, we find him making another muniSoent contribution to tlie comfitrt and happinsH ef hi* parent*, by remitting them £9000 for dw purdiaae of a coun-
Colonel Munro raluned bit appdntment in the Ceded Diitrictt till the year 1607, when he ame to the retolution of paying a ritit to hi* natire oountry. Wllh thi* new, he applied for and obtained perminion In retign hit situation ; end after a few dayi ipent in preparation, embarked, in October in the yeec
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abofe nanMd, at Madiu for England, lesiing bahlnd him, after s wnioa of Mnn ind twsnty ysui, a reputntion for tolODt, diligence, and exemplary cod- duct, both at a dvil and military officer, whidi fen in the tame Mrrioe had K^ laiDed, and none turpuwd. In the fanner capacity, he had undertakoD and accompliihed more than any BHtiih functionary had ever done before him ; and in the latter, he had diiplayed a talent for military aifiun, which all ndiBow- ledged to be of the rery highett order.
Af(«r an agreeable pattage of nearly lix montht, colonel Munro arrired at Deal on the 5th April, 1808. From Deal he proceeded to Ixmdon, when ha wa* detained by aome preetiog butineM, until the tummer wat far adianced, H« then tet out for Scotland, but not without tome melancholy forebodingt of tlM changet whidi he knew lo great a lapae of time at aeren and twenty yeara miat hare efbcted on the penont and Aingi anociated with bit earlieat and teiider<Ml lecoUectiona. Tbete anticipationt he found, on hit aniTal, realiied. That moAer to whom he naa lo tenderly attadied, and whose comfort and wclbna had heen a conitant object of fait wjidtude, wai no more. She hod died aboitt a year preTioui to hit airiTaL Two of hii brotben were dead alto, and many bMidei of the iriendi of bit youth. Tlu imbecility of age had moreorar cooia upon hit only lurriTing parent, and had effected tuch a diange, ■■ to mar that reciprocity <^ feeling, which their meeting, after ao long a tepaiation, would othenriae bare excited.
. On hit return to Glaagow, colonel Monro rerititad all the haunt* of bii youth, and, particularly, North Woodtide, a romantic apot in the vicinity of the city, where, in hit early dayi, hit fitther bad a conntry reaidance, to which the fiunily retorted every tummer. Here, with all that aimple and amiaUa feeling, pecnliac to geoeroui natural, he endearoured to annifaili^ the ipace of time which had elapaed tince be had been there a boy, and to recall, with imzeaaed feroe, the teutation* of hit youth, by bathing in the dam in whidi be had aported when a. boy, and by wandering through the woodt when he had ipent ao many of the carelen houri of that happy taaaon, Tfaii feeling be eTen carried at at to climb once mon a farourite aged tree, which had enjoyed on ei that« of hit youthful patronage and affection. Every biandi wai familiar Ut him ; for he had a tbouaand timet nettled omongtt them, lo enjoy in aolitiida and quietoett the pagee of tome farourite authw.
Colonel Munro now tpent a good deal of hit time in Edinburgh, where be returned hii bvourite ttudy, chetttittry, by attending the lecturet of Dr Uopei, and by peruting luch worici on the lubject at had appeared unce he had lafk Europe. During hia retidence in Britwn, be took a lively iuterett in the Pen. intular war, and wat known to be in conitant communication with the duke ol Wellington, who had become acquainted with him in the Eaat, and who bad there learned to appreciate hii eminent abilitiea, About thii tinte, alao, be ao companied Sir John Hope to the Scheldt at a volunteer, and wat pieteatat the tiege of FlMhiog,
The Eait India Company't charter now drawing to a cloee, and the question of the propriety of iti renewal having attracted an extraoidinary rivra of public attention ; a parliamentary committee wai appointed to inquire into, and bear evidtDoe on the lubject, to enable the houte to cotna to a decitioD re> gardjng it. Many penont connected with India were in coniequence examined on the aJfain of that country, and amongit the reat the tubject of thit memoir ; and inch wat tbe deamen of hia evidence, the importance of the infonnation which he gave, tbe comptehentiveneti of bit viewt, and the general talent and judgnent iriiich characterind all hit ttatementi, that the court of directon in-
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loediitely pUevd him at Ui« h«ad at a comaiaaloa of inquiry nhidi thay dadded on lendiiig out lo India, to r«awdy thoae defacU and abuaaa wUcb tba flridance now placed baforo Iham had brought to lighL
Pnrioiw to hit nturning to India, colonel Munro married, SOth Mardi,
1811, Jaiw Cuapb^, daugbler of Canipboll, Eaq. of Craigia Houae,
Ayr(hir«, a lady remaduble for her baauty and aocompliihmanta. Thii con- nexion added greatly to oolonel Munro'i happinew, ard eventually opened up to him a aourca of do(D«ttic felicity which hia diapoaition and temper eminently fitted him to anjoy.
Hia comraiMion ItBTing now been duly made out, and all other preparationa for hia voyage oompleted, ha ambariced, accompanied by hia wife and liataHn- law, in the month of May, 1611, at Poitamouth, and afUr a plaaaant paMage of eighteen weeka, arrired at Madraa on the leth September,
On hia arrival, cc^onal Munro immediately began to diacbarge the arduoua dutJei of hi* new appoiDtmenL Thoae embraced a total raTiiion of the internal adminialntion of the Madna teiritoriea, and oomprehanded an amount of labour, in giring over reporta and deciaiont, in Inreatigating aocounta, in drawing up regulation*, and in ft thouaand other detaila aa nunieroua ai they were complicated, whidi would have appalled any man of leaa nerve than him on whoae thoulden it had Allen. In thii laborioui employment he continued till the month of July, 1S17, when, a war with the Midurattaa having broken out, he aolidtad employment in the line <iS hia profamion , and waa appointed to the oommand of the leaerve of the army under lieutenant-general Sir Tbomaa Hitlop, having been hlmNlf pravioutly, 1 Stll June, 1815, promoted to the nuik of colonel
In the campaign which followed the reiumptlon of hia military dutlai, colonol Monro performed a brilliant part Hi* military reputation, formerly amongat the higheit, waa now univenally adcnowledged to be unturpoMed. LordHartingt conplinMOted htm in ttmiot of the warmaat panegyric, a* well in hia offidal oommanieadon* aa in hit private coneqiondence. Mr Canning pnmed an eloquent eulogium on hia merita in the houae of commont. Sic Jtdin Makoln contributed hit unqualified comniendationa of hia maatarly operation*, and the public recorda of Calcutta were filled with bi* praiaa. Hia name waa now, In abort, become ftmoua throughout Etirope, and be wa* everywhere looked upon not only u one of the fit« aoldiert UT the day, but at a man who poaaaaaad talent* and abtlitlea which lilted bim for attaining eminence equally in a dril aa in a military life.
In die campaign whidi laated till the beginning of Augnat, 1618, general Monro, (he wo* promoted to thii ninlc, December 1817,) reduced all the Paiih- vrah'a territoriea between the Toorobuddn and Kiitna, and from the Kittnn Donhword to Aldoo* on the Neenwh, and eaatward to the Nlmm'a frontier. On the cencluaion of the campaign, finding hi* health greatly impaired by lb« excettlve fatigue which be had undergone, be reaolved to reaign all hi* coiamiiaaiona, both dril and military, and to retire into private life. In pur- auance <if thia reaolution, he tendered hi* reaignationa to the marquia of Halt- ing*, who received thwn with much reluctance ; and retunied by way of Banga- lore, where be met hia &mily, to Madiaa. Shortly after thia, October 1818, ba waa made a Companion of tite Bath, aa a teitimony of the opinion wbidi wai entertained at home of hia merit*.
tieneral Munro now again turned hi* thought* homewardi, and, afUr derating two monlha to the arrangement of hi* ttbin, embarked on board th« Wairan Heating*, with hi* family, for England, on the 81th January, 1819. Daring the paawge, Mn Munro wa* delivered, SOth May, of a boy, who, baiiy
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48 MUNRO.
boni when the ihtp m« Id tha latiloda of Um AwtM, nu bt^ked by Uut ■ name. Th« Wtma Hutlit^ hiring anini in the Down*, g«nanl abW Ntn Hunrn landed at Deal, aud prwMded to London, vrher* the} raDi^aw) for « ■hort tima, and th«raaftei' Nt out fl» SeotUnd, Tlio fonnar, howetM, waa only a fbw waeka at hoaia when hd raceiTsd a formal ^ilitiuiiicaUoB from tiM gOTflrnment, appointing him to tli« gDVemMAip of Madraa, and ha was Boon af- ter, October I819,prt>niot«d to the rank of major-faneral, and imsatad. Noma- bar, 18IS, with tha ituignia of K 0..B.
Although extremely reluctant again to leave fail natiTe country. Bit Thowaa did not think It adrUable U detline the adceptanoa of the Mgti and hoaouF- able appointment now pmflbtied htm, Haring Gonunitted their boy to die chaiga of lady Mudro'e father, Sir Thotoaa and hia lady prooeedad to Deal, nhere they onoe more embariced for India In Dacembet, 1819, and acriTcd wJblf at Bombay in the beginning of May In the follotring year. Hera tiiey reoiaiDed for about a fortnight, irtien they again took ihlpping, and on the 8th Juna reeclied Madrai.
Sir Thomaa, ltn»ed{at«ly on hb arriral, entM«d on tin diacbarge of the iia. portant dullei of hii ne* appcdntment trith all the aeal and dtllganca which niailced erery part cJ bla pnceding career. Than dutiei wm« exmmely hboriotiL Fnnn lunrite till alght In the ertning, nith the exception of an hour or tm at dinner, compritlng a litUa out-door recreation titer that repatt, he waa nttranittingly employed in attending to, and deapatdilng the pubUe bualn«N of hii depattnwnt. With thia routine the mMving idbbI wu not at sH allowed to interfere. The bnakbat table waa daily ipreed ft>r thirty peraow, that all who came on buainee* al that tiour ahould partake of it, and that tba varloui matlen ^hloh oOcaaioned their TiiiU might be diicMaed dwiog Ita pm- greaa without encroaching on die day.
By thii rigid economy of time, Sir ThotnA wai enabled to get thrMgh an amount of buaineia which would appear wholly InoediUe t» ons irtM plMed len Talue on it than he did. He wrote almoat every paper of any impeifuiitw connected irith hla goremment with hia own hand. He read all ooHnrimtai- tloM and documeitia, and examitied all plana and aiatenietita, with hit own ayea, and heard erery complaint and representation which waa mode rethaUy, wilk
Although Sir Thomaa had not thought it adrliable to decline the gnranKitAip of Hadrai, he yet came eut with every intention of returning again ta bb natire land aa loon aa circumitancea would permit, and In IBS3, ha addraaced a memOTial to the coart of dlredon, eatneatly reqnetting to be reltftred flrntn hia charge. From a difficulty, howerer. In Ending a aocceNOt' to Sit rfaomai, and IVom the extraordinary efficiency of hii aerrioei, the court hm ex tremely unwilling to entertain hia requeat, and allowed many nonthi to etapaa without nuking; any reply to iL In Ifae maau time the Bumeae wlr look plaoa, and ffir Thmnaa fwiud that he coald not, wfth honour or propriety, preal fait iidt on die dliecton. He thereftre came to the reaolutSon of reoMtntaig at hia port to abide the iaun of dte tbUggle. In thii war be dMinguiriied hhe- aelf, aa he bad ao often done before, by alngnlar brarery, talent, Mnd liMU> gence, and perfbrmed aitch important aerricea ai procured hii eleration, June I8S6, to the dignity of a baronet of Great Britain.
At tha conduiion of the Burmeie war. Sir Thontat again applied fbr liberty to reiign hii appointment, and after mudi delay the Right HonoutaUe & Luahington waa nominated hU luccenor, on the 1th April, lSS7.
Bit Thomaa now prepared to leare India fbr the lart time, full of fond an- ticipatiODi of the happineM which awaited tha cloilng yean (rf hta life in hi*
MORE. 49
nBlira land ; hut it mi otlwrwiM ord^sed. Vm lady, with a &Tourite mm, Iiad retumed to England a year before, in coiMBquenca ot an illneM of th« ht> tei, whidi, it wu thought, required thia change of climate ; and thui while the inducamenti to ranftin in India were greatly leHtned, thow to return to hit- natire land were increBied. While awaiting tba mtitbI of hi* (UceoaMir, Sir Tbomu uofortuiiately cane to the reiolution of paying a farewell riiit to hii old friendi in the Ceded Dietricti, where the diolera wu at that time raging Willi great riolenoe. Alarmed for hia lofety, fail friendi endearoured to dii- luode him from hii intended eicunion, but to no purpoae. Towardi the end of May, he wt out from Madiai, attended by a mall etcort, and on the 6th of July fbllowing, reached Futtsecondah, where he wai leiied with tho &ta] dit- temper about nine o'clock in the morning, and ecpired on the evening of the lame day at half psal nine, in the 66th year of hii age. In an hour and a ball after hit death, hji body wai remured to Gooty, where it wai ioleired with luch niilitary hunoun ai the remoteneit of the lituation, and the detpatch which it tt necMiary to obterre on luch oocMioM in India, coold affmd.
Few BTenU eier occurred in India triiich excited lo ganerttl a isiwatlon, or created ao uairenal a feeling of regret, at the death of Sir Thomaa Munnx Natirei aa well ai Europeani mourned hii Ion with unfeigned torrow. Hit jui- tioe, humanity, benevolence, and eminent talenti, had lecured him the eeteam and retpect ot all who knew him, and ha wat known nearly throughout the whole extent of the eattem world. No man periiapi, in ihort, erer descended to the grave more beloved or aiot* lamented, and none wat ever more entitled to theie tributet of affection from hia fellow men, or ever took mch paini to deaerre them at Sir Thomat Hunro.
With i^ard to hit talenti, had theT« been no other proof of their exiitanoa than that which hit letten afford, tbeie alone would hare pointed him out aa a remarkablo man ; and at one who, had he cbcaen it, migbi have become ai emi- nent in lileistuie ai he wai in the profeadon of armi. Three volumea of thete oompoiitioni, ttnmg upon a memoir o£ tlie writer, have been publiihed under Ihe ■uperintendence of the Her. Mr Glsig, author of " The Subaltern."
MURE, (Sra) WiLLua, of Rowallan, a poet, nat bora about the year 1594. He waa the eldeit ion of Sir William Mure of Rowallan, by a liiler of Mont- gomery, the author of the " The Cherry and the Slae." The family wai one of the mott ancient of the order of gentry in that part of the oounlry, and through Elizabeth Mure, the fint wife of Robert II., bad mingled ilt blood with the royal line : it hat recently terminated in the mother of the prOKnt counteai of Loudoun and marchionMa of Uaitingi. Of the poefi education no memorial hai been praaarred, but it waa undoubtedly the belt that hit country could af- ford in that age, aa, with a tcholar-like enthuiiaim,hehad«tleiaptadaTenionof the ttory of Dido and J^eai before hit twentieth year. There ii alto a apecimen of Sir William'i venei in pure Engliih, dated lo early at 16IL, when he could not be more than lerenteen. In IfilS, while ttill under age, and be- fore he had uicceeded to hit paternal eitate, fas married Anna, daughter of Dundii of Newliiton, by whom be had five toni and tix daughtera. The eldeit ■on William, lucceeded hii &ther; Alexander wai killed in the Irith Rebellion, IG41 ; Robert, a major in the army, mairied the lady Newhall in Fife ; John wat deiigaed of Fennickhill ; and Patrick, probably the youngeit, nai created a bartMiet of Nova Scotia in 1663, One of the daughten, Elizabeth, wai mar- ried to Uchter Knox of Boofurly. Sir William Mure married, lecoudly, dame Jane Hamilton, lady Dunlrsath ; and of tbii marriage there were two torn and two daugfalert ; Jamet, Hugh, Jane, and Marion.
The earlieit of Sir William'i ci>in|KMitioni to be found iu print tt an
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mddnM to Um Uag at Hawthn, on Ui fV^ Ae""^ <^ amatrj in 1617, lAick ii i^Midied in tlM colketMa aaUtM, - The Him^ WctcwN^" Saeb gminetiaim of hb « "
. ■' Tm Cmcafiza fee Trra CuhoUdus," Ediobargfa, ISbo, ; i»- MDOwl u *n «rpn— e »f llw prime obJMt of Bgokli idolatT;. B; br dM laif«r portioa of hii wiitinp nouuH in ■aoneript.
LIIm bia tottteofoarf, DiamMood of HavtkamdMi, Mim mmm to bat« d»- U^falMd Jn s ^iet twDUlry life. A bwte for bailding ani lufal wbwHieti—i ia diaeofwiable in the fiuailjr of IbnwMiB at a peried nban decafatioBe of tkk natnra wen bat little regarded in Soatland : and in IImm rafiDeeMflta Sir WiU limn lell DOtliiiig behind, if be did not gfcatly anrpaM the (lowly advaaeia^ i^rit of hi* tiDM ; bMidM planting and otbei amelioratioaa, be raade *nriani additiooi to the fiunily BMOtion, and " rofanoed the wlorfe Iwa «xcaod- infly."
At Ifaa EomMnoenunt of the teUgioua tnwblee, Sir Williun Him, thottgfa in Mreial of hi« poena he appeal* aa P*Tii>g !>>■ "oart to royalty, look an intMeM in the popular caue ; and, in (be &«t amy raited againat the ki^, iwninanded a conpaDy in the AyrAire re^nwnt. He wa* a awmlMr <rf tbe parBaaeiil, «r •aibar conrention of 1643, by which the Solemn iM^fue and CorcnaBt n* ratified with England j and, in the beginning of the antuing year, aeooMapa^ad the tooopa wbidi, in taroa of that fiunooa treaty, were deapalched to the aid of the partiameulary aiaae. After a rariaty of Mtiim during tbe apring of IBU, be w*a pieaent, and voouded, in tbe dadaive battle of Laaig Haiabw- atoor, July Snd. In the awceeding moalh, be waa engaged at tbe Honoii^ of Newtaatle, where, for soma time, in conaeqaanea of the anperioc officer^ being diaablod, ha had the comnand of Ube regiattnt. Whether tba waa Um kat campaign of the poet, or whether he ninained with tbe amy till ita return, af- ter the renditioa of tbe king, jn 1647, i« not known. No faitber material DOtioe of him occun, except that, on the reriaion of Rooa'a Paalma by tbe General AmemMy in 1650, a Tonion by Mmw of Howallan ia ipoken of aa an- noyed by the committee for the Improtemanl of the other. Sir William died Id 1SS7. Voriout qiedmeoa of hi* oompadtiona may be found in a amall voluma entitled, " Ancient Balladi and Soap, diiafly from tradition, aaann- aoipta, and aca»e workf, with biographical and illoatiatiro notioet, including original poeby, by Tbomaa Lyle : London," L897 ; to which we baia been in. debted for tbe materiala of Ihia article.
MURRAY, ALazjjcDn, D. IX, an eminent philologiat, waa bnra, October S9, 177S, at Duukitteridc, on the nater of Palneur, in tbe Stawartry of Kirkond- bright He waa the aon of a ibapherd, or paatoral futn-eemnt, named Bobert Uunay, who ma in the MTontieth year of bia age at tbe time of the birth of thia diitinguiihed member of bia lamily. Young Murray wu bom in too bunk hie drcunatancea, and reared in loo aedoded a diitrict, to hare the adrantage «f early tnatructioa at ichooL When he bad attained hit riztb year, bia ftlber pnr- diaaad for him a copy of tbe Shorter Catechiam ; a wcHk pre&oed, in Soottiah ediltona, by tbe alphabet in ita nrioua forma, and a few exerdaea in mooeayl* labial Tbe good thepherd, howercr, thought tbii little Toluma (tbe eott of which ia only one penny) too Toluable for common uae : it waa accordingly locked carefully atide, and the father taught hia cUld the letteia, by acribUing
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tlwni oil the bock of bd dd wool-card with tbe and of k burnt heatbar^ttmi When th« ehnrfuta of Isogfuaga had iMen thia naMarad, tba catachiun wai bmnght forth, and given to lb« yoangitndant a* « book of axerciHt in read- ing. Ha tlwn got a paaln book, which ha bltad roudi batter than the cBt«- cfaiMi ; and at length a New TeataiMiit, whidi be liked better (till ; and afler- wardi he daoorerad an old looae Ubta, wMch ba eaniad away placMnael firom tile place when U wa* departed, and read with all tba wandeiment natural to a capadow mind, on being fiftt tnttoduoed to a kind of knowledge beyond tbe limiled icene in whidi it had originally been placed. Ho liked the moumfiil narradTei bMt, and greatly admixed Jeremiah, Eaaldel, and tbe Lomentationa. In hii eighth year, he had acqiiired ao mudi local fhme on account of hit acquir*. menta in reading, that a with wai getwnilly entertained among bii friendi to lee him aent to come regular achooL Thli would hare beeo impoaaible — for hii fiither wai a rery poor man — if a brother of hii motiier, by name William Codiiane, had not powaaed both the maaoi and Ibe inclinatioii to proride the rofoUta ftindi. He wna placed, in 1781, at the achool of New Galloway, where, though he made a very awkward appearance at fint, ho toon diitanced the nott of " the Bible clan." He bad been but liz monihi at (chool, when ho waa laiied by an illnea, which called him home ; nor did he again attend ■chool for the fbor eoiuing' yeari. Duiing the moM of thit ipace of time, he ap- pear* to hare been employed ai a ibephord ; deroting all hit leiture, howerer, to thoitudy of nich booki Bi foil in hii way. In the winter of ITST-S, he wai to far adnuioed a* to be able to teach the children of two neighbouring farroeri. Soon after, he bagan to giro Irregular attendance at the achool of Minnigalf, chiefly for the purpote of im^oring hii aritluaetic, a* he had now formed a wiah to becomo a merchant'* clerk. In 1790, he made hi* fitat adrentnre into tba region of language*, by itudying French and I«tin ; and nidi waa hi* ipplU cation, that in the coune of three or four month*, he bad learned aa mudi a* the meet of youth* acquire In aa many yeaf& By extraordinary good fortune, he obtained an old copy of the larger dictionary of Ainaworth, at the low price of eighteen pence, and looo read tba rolume quite throogh. Erery pert of thii large book he iludied with minute attention, obeerring the Greek derirationa of dta word*, and occaaionally adreiting to the Hebrew alio ; and thu*, about a year after hi* 6r*t acquaintance with the rudimenti, he wu able to read Ofid, Camr, and Liry, and to commence IsMona in the Iliad. Alt the book* whidi hi* (diool-fellow* poMMecd, both in Engliih and daarical literature, were bor- rowed by Murray, and devoured with immente rapidity and eagemen. He had at Ihii time no taite in reading : the boandloM field of knowledge wat open to him, and he cared not which part he fint nureyed, for he wa> determined apparently to inr*ey it all. He only felt a kind of wild pleaiure in whatever wa* grand, or romantic, or monmfiil. In perunog the Iliad, he wai greatly a^ Acted by the late of Hector aod Sarpedon. " And no leniation," *ay> be, in hi* autobiography, " wa* ever more lively, than what I felt on fint reading the pawage, which dedare* that Jupiter rained drop* of blood upon the ground, in honour of hli ion Sarpedon, who wu to fall ftr from hi* country. My prac- tice," he continue*, " wa* to lay down a new and difficult tatk, sfler it had wearied tue, — to take op another, — then a third, — and to raaume thb rotation frequently and laboriowly." Dr Murray u*od to oonaider hi maelf fortunate in hi* teacher, Simpeon, in a* far a* Uie man wa* of a eareleai, eaiy diaracter, and had no •cnipie in permilting him to advance a* fait a* he liked, and to (tep into any dan lor which be appeared qualified. " Decultory etudy," •aya he, " i* a hod thing ; but a lad whoae ambitioa never ceataa, but *timulatoa him incoacantly, enlarge* hi* mind and range of thought, by excunion* beyond
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liU Mm*, 1793. My 1
ft « rwi jww — g K— IM "SM— t, mJ "t» h«W aty rf going, i
fcna^tM, to k mImI ta«l* by Wr NmImM Btartm, ia Brigand of Crat.
riwiiiihUi riii>Mgh,Mi|i»Mii ■■■jiiiitiiiihi.il ii ■! tiM bm,
Ducul CicNO, MBi af ^ bMt Ei^lMk mfcetiBM, ud m forth. Fron ■ eo^uiw, wMd J^ MMkaaakh. I gM A» 1m> of BuIm'i EnglUi Dk- tkouT, «Ud> I MidMI, ad iMmc fioH it ■ iMt lariitT «rMelii] milUm. I 8«iMd froB it A* Ai^iWSwna a^titn. Ibi A^I»Suao ptfanoitar, wd NBBj w«f^ i* llMt Tiowihli tohBL Tkii laitltl n* to Nad Uidce'i Suon GrwwMr, wilboat diSnhy, aAir 1 sMt to Ediabagk, ud kd Oa «>t to tbt VittliotUc and •'■■■■■ Ab«« Aa «^d if mtimm, 17»t, 1 had pncund, froto OM Jidc Rabaria, » mmQ Wdah HmCht if Chnt and Oa ApoMlei. I had nen a tnaiktiaa, v laAar Oa w^wal Fjf;lU, oT thb book in forma yMia, bat I ooaM bm gat mmb to it a&v 1 had Iba VTcUi in By poaae^fn. 1 Muaad, boN«<«r, a good dral oa Oa ^poUtioaB Iraa ScripOne Oat sboiaM) in it, and gnt aeyai^tad -lib laaT Vchb — i* lad mmttatm. If I had a copy of tba Bibia ia any l>i«o^o of «bkb I knew Aa a^babrt, I could make con- ■idarabk pngraM in laarning it aidoat aiiMiiii ■ ar dUkwy. Thia ia doik' by Bloat* obaarratkn aad cm^mmob af noi^ tatBimtiiWi and phraaea. It U Iba awtbod dictalod by nacawly, in tba abaanei of all aMirianca.
"In I79I,lhadt}nloanofaat(ay ToI^WAaADQontUniTemlHirtny fttm my na^boor aAooUWlknra, tba Mndaxga, who lii«d in Glenhoarfi, bdow Riaqna. It coMainad tha hiatory of Aa andant Ganb, Ganana, Abjaunan, and olhara. It indndadarary inconnd copyof tba AbpBniaa alphabet, which, bowavar, I tnMoribad, and fcapt by na fv filwii accaaioaa. 1 wto maiplatdy Maalar ■rf'tha Arabic alpbabat, by brip ol Babotaa^ Halnaw GraBBw, in tba and of which (fitat adition) it it gi>«n in Aa aaaat aawnto Banner.
" In tba Butunn of 1793, abowt tha titM I want to Aa BiU, I had, in Aa hour «f ignotanca and BBUtica, baliarod ^ra^ capaUe of writiiig an *fir. poam. For two yaaia bofon, or ntbar fnMi tba tbaa Aat 1 had BOt wiA Pundiae Ijoat, Hblbaa poatry waa By latouiito randU^. Hcmar bad anoonn^- ad Ak UMo, and By tdHMUalknr, GM>ga Mnio, Ui lant wa, in 179 1 , an ndi- lioo of ONian'a I^li^^al, which ia, in Bany pMtogaa, a «nMiM and pathalic per- IbnnaDM. I fwpiad Fiogal, aa tha book waa Iwt only for four dayi, and car- riad tha HS. about wi A bo. 1 dMwe AiAar, ganenl of Iba Britona, fyt mj haro, and during tba winter 1799-3, wrotaiaraml Aoavnda of blank lanaaabont bii BcOiiaTeBanti. Thit waa By Girt aUaapt in blank *en«u In 1790, I had purcbaaed ' Tba Onra,' a po^ by Blair, and cmndUad it alsiMt antbWy to
" I pa««d tha lownMr of 1793 at boaa, and in brag Tfaila to By friandi in Nowton Stewart, and other parta. Dnring that liaa 1 dtittjad Arthur and hii Britona, and bagan to tranalate, front Bodwaapt poatical mria, hit Fntxck PiandMani. 1 made an attempt to obtain Ho^rato achool ; bat Mr St«?««, miiiiMar of that pariih, who lacaiTed ma rcry kindly, told nw thai it waa pro- Biaad, and, that By youA would be objaeted to by tba beriton and pariA.
HuMa, a young lad who intendad to bacoma an Antibutgher clergyBan, and who kept ■ printo icboo] in Newton Sleamit. Tbii faiandibip pvocnrad Be
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the low) of MTinl naw boohi. I p«id m riait to th* Rer. Hr Doniua, in Wig^ ton, an exoellent man and tdiolar. Ha axaniuwd ma on Homer, wbich 1 ie>d ad aperUaram Ubri, in a vary tolersbla, tbou^ not Tery correct ouutner. "U* gare me Cicero de Natur& Dsorum, whidi I ilndied with great ardour, though n •pecula^ve ttaatiia. 1 wa* eDthuiiaitically fond of Cioaro, u my dictionary gave me a moat affbcting account of the merita and fate of that gnat man. In 1701, 1 bought for a trifle b MS. roliune of the lecturee of Arnold Ikackenburg, a Gannan prof«Mor, oa the Urea and writinga of the Roman authon, frooi Liriua Andronicui to Quintilian. Tfaii mu a learaad w<Kk, and I reaoired to InmilatttaA publiihit. 1 ramaitwdat home during the iiinterctf 1793-4, and employed myaelf in that tadc My tranelatirai ma neither elegant nor conact. My tarte wai improTing ; but a kaowiedga of elagant phnueology and correct diedon cannot be acquired without tome acquaintance with the world, and with the human character in ita poUihed itate. The moM obicure and uaintareiting parU of the Spectator, World, Guardian, and Pope'i Worka, wen tboie that deeciibed life and manoen. The part* of thow worki which I thea read with laptuie, were account! of tragic occurrence!, of great but unfortunate men, and poetry that addremed the padiona. In ipring 1791, I got a reading of Biair*! I^cturaa. The bode waa lent by Mr Strang, a Relief cle^yman, to William Huine, and auhlent to me. In 1793, 1 had aeen a volume of an encyclopedia, but found vary copddenble difficultiea in making out the tenie of obecura Kien- lific tanna, with wtudi thoaa booki abound,
" Early in 1791, I reeolred to go to Dumfriei, and ^caent my tranalation to the bookaallen there. Aa I had doubta reapecting tha mcceti of a ' Hiitory of the Latin Writer*,' I likewiaa compoaed a number of poami, chiefly in the ScotUth dialect, and moat of them very inditfareoL 1 went to Oum&iea in JiUM, 1794, and found that neither of the two booluelleii there would under- take to publieh my traiHlation ; but I got a number of lubiGriptron papan printed, jn order to promote the publicaition of tha poena. I collected by my- aelf and fiiendi four or Sre hundred autwcriptiona. At Qalahouie, a merchant there, ao old friend, gave me a vary curioua and lai^ printed copy of tha Pen- UlMtch, whidi had belonged to the oalebnled Andrew Malrille, and the Hebrew Dictionary of Pagninui, a hoge folio. During the riiit to Dumfriei, 1 waa in- troduced to R<rfiart Bnnw, who treated me with gnat IdDdnen ; told me, that il 1 could get out to college without publiahing my poame, it would be better, aa my taate waa young and not formed, and I would be aahaued of my productiona whan 1 could write and judge better. I undaialcod thia, and ntolTed to make ^vblicaiioa my laat leeource. In Dumirlet 1 bought ilx or aeren play* of Shakipean, and never raad any thing except Milton, with mora rapture and enthutiofm."
The aingular aoquiramentt of thIa Galloway ahapherd, had now made aoma impreaioD iii a circle beyond hi« own limited and lamota iphera ; and, in November, 1794, he waa invited to Edinburgh, in nder to make an exhil»tion of hit learning before aereml individuali, who wen not only quallRed to judge of it, but were inclined to take an interert in the fate of ita poMenor. He un- darwent an examination before Dn Baird, Fintayton, and Mmdie, clergyman i^ Iha dly ; and to effectually convinced thMe gentleman of hit qualificationi, that they took the maani lo procun for him a gnUuitout education in tha univeruty. Dr Baird proved, in particular, a taaloui and iteady friend, not only in the ■lertion of hi* influence, but by contributiooa to the meant of hia aubaiUance during the earlier part of hia academic career. At the end of two yeen, he obtained a bumry, or txhibifiott, front tha dty, and loon after waa able to uip- port hioaelf, by private teaching. He now commanoed the neceuary atudie* for
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the chiucli, at Iha uma tima thit h« derolad ararj hour he could ipue to the acquUitiom of gwienl knowledf*. In ■ very ihort ipioe of time, ba found hlm- •elf iBMter of tlia whole of the EoropMii.langunfei, and began to Bkake r«- Marchti in Iba man recondite dislecU of tlia eaat Hij philolegical itudiee weie conducted with a careful regaid to etyaolofy, and the ^loaopliy of gniB- var; and it would appear that the deaign of tracing up all exiiting langno^ca to one root, and tbua peoetnting badt into ibe early and uncbronided hlilory of the huDMn laoe, gndualljr expanded upon biin.
While thui devoting hit laiuire to one grand punuit, he did not neglect the graoet of the bellaa lettrea. After haTing for «ame year* oontribuled mim- ceUanaoui piecei to the Soela Magaaioe, be naa induoed, about the beginnJH^ of the preaent century, to become tbe editor of that reipectable work, Uien the prcperty of Mr Archibald Conitable. He alao contributed aeiwal able articlea to ttie Edinburgh Review. Having made biniielf marier of the AbyviniaB language, and alio ot the Geei and Amharic tongue*, upon whidi the fonner ia founded, he appeared to Mr Conitable a« a fit peiaon to loperinlend a new edition of Bcuoe'i Travel* to diteover the aoutce of the Nile. For nearly thtea year* aubaequent to September 1809, he wa* engaged with little inteRalmieo upon thii ta*k, chiefly redding at Kinnaird Houae, where he had bcgcm to the paper* left by Uie iUoatiiou* travellw. To the worlt, which appeared ia aeren large octavo volume*, he contributed a life of the author, and a mat* of note*, containing tbe moit curioua and learned ditcuiaion* on philology, antiqnltle*, and a manifold variety of anbjecta ilkutrative of Bruce'* namtive. Tbe " Life " be afterwardi enlarged and puUiahed in ft aeparate volume.
In 1906, Dr Murray for the firtt tiiM obtained what might be oouidered a pennanent atation by being appointed amiitant and cucoe**ar to tha Rev. Mr Muiriiead, roinitler of Urr, in tbe itewailry of Kirkcudbright ; at whoee death, in 1803, he became tlie full itipendiary of the pariah. In thS* lituation, he di*pUyed, amidit hi* derical dulie*, his uaua) application to philological pnr- auil*. Hi* ftme a* a Jinguitt wa* now *pTead abroad by hi* edition of Bruce, and in 1911, at the *i)gge*tion of Mr Salt, envoy to Abyaunk, he waa applied to, to nie Mr Salfi own worda, a* " Ibe only penon in the Briliib dominiiHi* " adequate to the ta*k, to trandate a letter written in Geei, fh)m the governor of Tigni to hi* Britannic nugeity. Notwilh*tanding the olitcurity of *fli>eral pae- aage* in ibi* me document, be wa* able to acquit himaelf of hi* taak in the ntcat aaliifaaloty manner.
Id 161S, on a vacancy ocourring in the chair of Oriental language* in Ibe univenity of Edinburgh, Dr Murray *tood a conteit with two other candidate^ and gained tbe ainiation by a majority of two voices in tbe city council. He wai now for Ibe 6iat tioM in life placed in a aituation *uitable lo hi* eztiaordi- nary facultie* ; and yet it wa* deaUned that, after all hi* preliminary labour*, hi* career Ha* now on the point of being for ever doaed. His oonstitutiim, which bad never been atroug, br<dte d«wn under the labour* of tbe (irtt aeiNOD. Before opening bis da**, hebadpuUisbedhia " Outlines of Oriental Philology," a remarkably dear and intelligible epitome of the grammatical priadple* of the Hebrew and ita cognate dialecta. During the winter, the &tigue he enooun- tered in preparing hi* lectures wa* very great ; and in February, ISIS, a pul- monary ailment, which had prerioualy given him great diitre**, becamsao riolent aa to pievent hi* attendance in the claaa-room. To quote the affecting account of bi* latter days, given by Mr Munsy,' " he himaalf entertained hopea of hit recovery, and wa* flatlerii^ himaelf with tbe proapect of being able to remove to the country ; hut hi* complaint* daily s**umed a more alarming aspect On > Ulaniy hiihiry of Galloway, ncondeditkiD, p. see.
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the day befor* hU death, he wo out of bed for tmlte houn. He «iTsi)ged MTBisl of hit papen, (pijie freely, and appeared id good epiriti. Ha alluded Co hit approaching diMolution, which he now biiiBBlf begao to appiebend ; but Hn Murray wai too agitated to admit of the eubject being minutely sdveried tu Hb retired to bed atelaren o'clock ; he doud a little ; and enry momeirt be ihM awake lie ipent in prayer. In the tme (pirit of geniui, he raid that be had once expected to attain to old age, and that he would be enabled to per- form fomething of a more eminent nature, and of greater conaequence to Bocioty, than he had yet aceompliihed ; bat not a munnur eieaped hii lipi ; he waa, at all timaa, perfectly reugned to the will of the EtermL The following rerae of the hundred and eighteenth paalm he repeated a few houn before fail death:—-
O Bet ye Dpen unto me
Tha gata of riglitwnuiMa! ;
Tti«n I will mtar lnU tlum, And I Ihe Lgrd wiU blw.
At the end of theie linet he made a pauie, and Mn Murray haTiiig proceeded with the lubeequent rene, —
This ii the gale of Uod i by It The juit iball anter In ;
Thee will I praise, for thou me heard'st. And hut my nfety been, — he looked wlitfiilly and tenderly in her countenance, — he put hii hand on hii breast, — and *aid it gave him relief and conii^tion. Ha now became iuddan< ly wone ; hi* ipeech failed him; and baring lingered in Ma atate for a ihort time, he breathed bit hut in the arma of hit wife. Thii melancholy erent took place at liz o'clock in the morning of the ISth of April, 1813, in the thirty- •erenth year <tf hii nge. The lart worda he waa heard to utl«r were, ' Take clear buriatground,' meaning no doubt, to intimate hii deaire that hi* remain* might be placed in a gran which had not been prerioialy occapied. He waa interred in the Greyfrian' church-yard, at the northweit comer of the
So died thi* amiable and moat accompliihed tcholar, after a life which might rather l>e deacribed a* the preparation for lomething great, than aa baring ac- tually produced any great fruit*. He bad written a philological work of pro- found and Taried learning, which appeared in ISIS, under the aiupioea of Dr Seotof Cor*t(nphine, entitled " HIttory of European language* ; or Ueiearchea into the Affinitia* of the Teuttmic, Gieek, Celtic, Selaronio, and Indian Na- tloDL" He left, by hi* wife, whom he married while engaged in hi* paitoral dutiei at Uir, a aon and a daughter, the tatter of whom died of coMumption in I8S1.
MURRAY, FAtRica, flAh lord Elibank, a nobleman di*tliigui*hed by erudi< tion and literary taite, waa the eldeit ton of Alexander, the preceding lord, by EHiabeth, daughter of George Stirling, lurgeon In Edinbur^ He wa* born in Febraary, 1703. For reaMHu with which we are unacquainted, he studied fcv the ScoltUb bar, at which he entered In ITSS, but in the aame year adopted the military profeMion, and toon ni«e to a couilderable rank in the army. Ha m, in 1740, a lieutenant-colonel onder lord Cathcart, in the expedition to Catthagena, of which he wrote an aocouut, that remain* in nannaeript in the library of the Board of Trad«b He bad now aoooeeded to die Amily title, and ma diatinguljhed fw hi* wit and general ability. Hi* miaoallaneou* reading Ha* extemiTe, and we hare the authority of Dr Johnaon, that It waa inpc«*«d
66 HUaBAY.
by hii own obMnrationi of iIm wwld. He lirad fbr muiy j«m at a tatriiNW old houH, baloDf ing to Uk family of Notth, at Cstage in Cavbridgeihire ; and it hu be«D recontly uontained that he kept up a correspODdeDM with tfae exiled hou«a of Stuatt Id the latter part of hi* life, he appean to hare diiefly reiided in Edinburgli, niiagUng with the dittiaguiihad Jilenti of the oty, who trere hb coDtemponriea, and fully qualified by hU lalentt and knowlodj^ to ndom eren that lociaty.
In 1753, he publiihed at Edinburgli, " Theught* on Money, CinulatiMi, and Paper Currency ;" and an " Inquiry into the Od^n and CoBMquenca of the Public Debt* " appeared afterward*. In 1766, he itnied " Queriea relating to the propoeed Plan for altering Entaili in Scotland," and. In 1773, a " Let- ter to lord Haile* on hit Remark* on the Hi*tory of Scotland." Hi* lordahip** political life trai ODtirely that of an oppoution lord, and, among other aubjecto nhidi attracted hii indignant attenUon, wa* tfae lerrile ctKidition of Ilia natire peerage. In tlie year 1774, be publiihed a woric under tfae title of "Conaidvr- atioci on the Pteient State of tfae Peerage of Scotland," wfaich attracted a c«mi- *iderable degree of attention. " Nerer," lay* he " wa« tliera m bc^bling a degradation a* what the Scot* peer* of tfae 6nt rank and ^etenaiona *u%r, by the pretent mode of their admittance to the houce of lord*. For the truth ol thi*, ene need* but to appeal to their own feelings ct to tfae common eatima- tion of mankind, A Scots peer of the fint rank i* coniidered a* an imtrunient tingled out, and potted in the houte of lord* by tfae appointment of the miniater at tfae time, (<a the end of tupporling fait meaiurei, whaleTer tbey are or may be ; and wbo, in caae of fiulure, niuit expect to be turned out at the expiiatioo of hit term <J leren yean. He i> *uppoted to be compoted of luch pliant materiali, that in the erent of a change of adminittiation, the next niini*ter make* no doubt of finding faim equally obaequiou*, and ready to leuouiice hi* formtr connexionj." When Dr John*on riiited Scotland in 1773, lord Eli- bank addreiaed to him a courteoui letter, whicfa i* to be found in Boawell** Tour to the Hebridee, where are abo the record* of Tariout conTertationi in which both men flouriahed. The English philoiopher declared that lie never met hi* lordthip, without going away a " wiier man." Lord Elibank in early life married the doivager lady North and Grey, who wa* by birih a Dutdi- woman, and of illuttrioua extraction. He died, without itAW, Auguit 3, 1778, in the terenty-aixth year of hit age.
Two younger brother* of thi* nobleman attracted conuderable nolioe in their lifetime. The elder, Mr Alexander Murray, wnt *o enthu*iB*tic a Jacobite, aa to propote leading an inturrection oTen after the dote of all the juit hopea of tbe hou*e of Stuart in 17411. He wot confined for more than a year tubtequenl to May 1750, by order of the houae of common*, for riolent interference with a Wettinlnttar election j and, a* he refuted to expren conlri^on on hi* kneei, according to the order of the houae, he might hare been confined for a much longer period, if the prorogation of parliament had not brought about hi* en- largement. Jamei Murray, the fourth and youngett brother of lord Elibank, diitinguithed himaelf highly n* an officer in high command during tfae Canadinu war. Being in the next war conitiluted gorernor of Minorca, he defended that Important alation in 1761, againitagreatlydiiproportiuned force of the French; and, what waa more to hi* credit, withttood the tecret ofler of a million for id turrender. After a protracted *iege, during which general Murray loit three-fourth* of hi* men, he ws* obliged by the icurvy to gire up Fort St Ffaillp, to wfaich fae lud retired, but lalher in the condition of so hotpital Ihaa a fartreth Hit condua no* warmly applauded by the Briti*h gorenunent and
Dcillizedoy Google
HQKRAV.
37
BU/RRAY, (Sir) Roiriit, a itatemtaii and iMtuml [ihilnKipber, Bpp«nn to have bMn boni About the comiaencniKiit of the MTSutMoth century. He nai a (DD of Sir Robert Slarray ef Un^e, by n daaghUr oT George Halkat of FitTemn. Aomrding to hii intjnmte friend, Burnet, he terred in the Fremji umy, and hanng found great forour with the oltpolent Richelieu, vmi early promoted to a colooelcy.' Whan the diffiMiUiee of Chorlea I. ««unwd thair meet alanning oipect, be returned to 8«otland, and niied reouiii for the royal anny. When the king km with the Scotr anny at NewcHtle, be leMni to hftre ■ttenptod an eacape, deigned by Sir Robert " The deugn," layi Bumat^ " ma thni Uid : Mr Mnmy had ptarided a reMsl by Teignnraulh, and Sir Bobert Harray m« to have oonreyed the king thither la di^uiie ; and it pro. ceeded w bi, that the king put faimielf in the diiguiae, and want down the back Italia with Sir Robert Mumyi But hit majeety, apprehending it wa« acarce poaible to pan through all the guaida without being diioovered, and judging it hugely Indecent to be Mtched jniuch a condition, changed hit reao- lulfon, and went back, aa Bir Robert informed the writer.'" About thii period, it ii probable that he had not neeiTed hi* title, and that he may be Identified with "Mr Robert Mnnay, quartoHnaiter generaJ," who^ on the occodon of the town of Berwidc (which wai ordered to be diiraantled at the Inety of the two kingdom!) petitiening to be permitted to keep three piece* of ordnance, and the two gatei of the bridge, wai " Mnt to B^^ck with his majaaty'* recanunenda- tlon, to take notice what may be the importance of that petition, and report Ih* aame to the bouae."* After the fall of the royal cau*e, he appear* to hafe been reccmunended by the parliament of Scotland to the French gOTemmant, and to hare obtained from MaBrine a continuation of the faroon extended to him by Hiehelieu. On the S9nd May, 1660, two letter* from Franca were read to the parliament of fioetlsnd, one from the young king, the other from the qneen regent, in aaiwor to the lattar of the parliament in fii*our of Sir Bobert Hur- lay ; in which " both did promiee, from their recpect and lore to the Scot* nation, they would *ee their deain perfonned, lo far aa poaiibly the oonTeniauce of their aflkirt would peimil, end that he abould be- paid offhii airean,"* We afterwarJi find the parliament exhibidng their faTOUz, by •ending him a few eargoee of priwHiei*, to ferre in hi* rank*. Of two hundred and eighty-one aoldier*,